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AnaPhy > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

sound waves pass into body and bounce back to receiver; visualized as a sonogram.

A

Ultrasound

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2
Q

examines processes in cells.

A

Cell Physiology

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3
Q

Uses high-frequency sound waves, which strike internal organs and bounce back to the receiver on the skin.

A

Ultrasound

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4
Q

functions of organ systems.

A

Systemic Physiology

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5
Q

focuses on the nervous system

A

Neurophysiology

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6
Q

the heart and blood vessels.

A

Cardiovascular physiology

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7
Q

scientific discipline that investigates the body’s structure, such as the size and shape of a bone.

A

Anatomy

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8
Q

scientific investigation of the processes or functions of living things.

A

Physiology

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9
Q

radioactively labeled glucose usage by a tissue is detected; provides info on metabolic State.

A

• Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

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10
Q

can identify the metabolic states of various tissues.

A

Positron emission tomographic (PET) scans

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11
Q

radio waves directed to patient while under electromagnetic field; radio waves collected and analyzed by computer.

A

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

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12
Q

directs radio waves at a person lying inside a large electromagnetic field.

A

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

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13
Q

structures examined without a microscope.

A

Gross

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14
Q

studied area by area.

A

Regional

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15
Q

studied system by system.

A

Systemic

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16
Q

external form used to visualize deeper structures.

A

Surface

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17
Q

cellular anatomy.

A

Cytology

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18
Q

Study of tissues

A

Histology

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19
Q

similar to a CT scan but uses a radiopaque dye to enhance differences in areas.

A

Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA)

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20
Q

similar to a CT scan but uses a radiopaque dye to enhance differences in areas.

A

Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA)

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21
Q

is one step beyond CT scanning. A radiopaque dye is injected into the blood, which allows for enhanced differences when compared to a noninjected scan.

A

Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA)

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22
Q

electromagnetic radiation moves through body and is exposed on photographic plate; creates radiograph.

A

X-ray

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23
Q

This extremely shortwave electromagnetic radiation moves through the body, exposing a photographic plate to form a radiograph

A

X-ray

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24
Q

create flat, two-dimensional (2D) image.

A

Radiographs

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25
Q

computer-analyzed x-ray images.

A

Computed Tomography (CT)

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26
Q

are computer-analyzed x-ray images (a). Some computers are able to take several scans short distances apart and stack the slices to produce a 3D image of a body part

A

CT Scan

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27
Q

12 Organ Systems of the body

A

Endocrine System
Digestive System
Nervous System
Skeletal System
Integumentary System
Muscular System
Cardiovascular System
Respiratory System
Lymphatic system
Urinary System
Female Reproductive System
Male Reproductive System

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28
Q

A major regulatory system that influences metabolism, growth, reproduction, and many other functions.

A

Endocrine System

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29
Q

A major regulatory system that influences metabolism, growth, reproduction, and many other functions.

A

Endocrine System

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30
Q

Provides protection and support, allows body movements, produces blood cells, and stores minerals and fat.

A

Skeletal System

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31
Q

Provides protection, regulates temperature, prevents water loss, and helps produce vitamin D.

A

Integumentary System

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32
Q

Produces body movements, maintains posture, and produces body heat.

A

Muscular System

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33
Q

Transports nutrients, waste products, gases, and hormones throughout the body; plays a role in the immune response and the regulation of body temperature.

A

Cardiovascular System

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34
Q

Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and air and regulates blood pH.

A

Respiratory System

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35
Q

Removes foreign substances from the blood and lymph, combats disease, maintains tissue fluid balance, and absorbs fats from the digestive tract.

A

Lymphatic System

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36
Q

Produces oocytes and is the site of fertilization and fetal development; produces milk for the newborn; produces hormones that influence sexual function and behaviors.

A

Female Reproductive System

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37
Q

Removes waste products from the blood and regulates blood pH, ion balance, and water balance.

A

Urinary System

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38
Q

Performs the mechanical and chemical processes of digestion, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of wastes.

A

Digestive system

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39
Q

Produces and transfers sperm cells to the female and produces hormones that influence sexual functions and behaviors.

A

Male Reproductive System

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40
Q

Consists of glands, such as the pituitary, that secrete hormones.

A

Endocrine System

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41
Q

Consists of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors.

A

Nervous System

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42
Q

Consists of bones, associated cartilages, ligaments, and joints.

A

Skeletal System

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43
Q

Consists of skin, hair, nails, and sweat glands.

A

Integumentary System

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44
Q

Consists of muscles attached to the skeleton by tendons.

A

Muscular System

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45
Q

Consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood.

A

Cardiovascular System

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46
Q

Consists of the lungs and respiratory passages.

A

Respiratory System

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47
Q

Consists of the lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and other lymphatic organs.

A

Lymphatic System

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48
Q

Consists of the ovaries, vagina, uterus, mammary glands, and associated structures.

A

Female Reproductive System

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49
Q

Consists of the kidneys, urinary bladder, and ducts that carry urine.

A

Urinary System

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50
Q

Consists of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, and accessory organs.

A

Digestive System

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51
Q

Consists of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, and accessory organs.

A

Digestive System

52
Q

Consists of the testes, accessory structures, ducts, and penis.

A

Male Reproductive System

53
Q

group of similar cells and the materials surrounding them. Four tissue types - epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous.

A

Tissue Level

54
Q

two or more tissues functioning together.

A

Organ Level

55
Q

structural and functional changes caused by disease.

A

Pathology

56
Q

structural and functional changes caused by disease.

A

Pathology

57
Q

changes in structure and function caused by exercise.

A

Exercise Physiology

58
Q

changes in structure and function caused by exercise.

A

Exercise Physiology

59
Q

interaction of atoms and molecules.

A

Chemical Level

60
Q

structural and functional unit of living organisms. Combinations of molecules for structures called organelles that carry out specific functions.

A

Cell Level

61
Q

structural and functional unit of living organisms. Combinations of molecules for structures called organelles that carry out specific functions.

A

Cell Level

62
Q

group of organs functioning together.

A

Organ System Level

63
Q

group of organs functioning together.

A

Organ System Level

64
Q

any living thing, whether composed of one cell or many.

A

Organism Level

65
Q

Shared characteristics between living things drive research.

A

Biomedical Research

66
Q

Shared characteristics between living things drive research.

A

Biomedical Research

67
Q

Single-celled bacteria

A

Cell

68
Q

furthers human surgery and medicine.

A

Mammalian research

69
Q

is regulated by feedback loops that allow for a process to be adjusted by the outcome.

A

Homeostasis

70
Q

two types of feedbacks loops

A

negative feedback and positive feedback.

71
Q

monitors the value of some variable by detecting a stimulus (a change in the variable)

A

Receptor

72
Q

establishes the set point and receives input from the receptor.

A

Control Center

73
Q

generates the response which can change the value of the variable.

A

Effector

74
Q

4 Characteristics of life

A
  • Organization
    • Metabolism
    • Responsiveness
    • Growth
75
Q

condition in which there are specific interrelationships and functions among the parts of an organism

A

Organization

76
Q

condition in which there are specific interrelationships and functions among the parts of an organism

A

Organization

77
Q

the ability to used energy to perform vital functions; all chemical reactions of the body.

A

Metabolism

78
Q

ability to sense changes in the interior and exterior environment and adjust; cell-to-cell communication is necessary.

A

Responsiveness

79
Q

increase in size and/or number of cells.

A

Growth

80
Q

maintenance of relatively constant internal environment within the body.

A

Homeostasis

81
Q

Characteristics of Life

A

Development
Differentiation
Morphogenesis
Reproduction

82
Q

changes in an organism over time.

A

Development

83
Q

change from general to specific.

A

Differentiation

84
Q

change in shape of tissues, organs, or the entire organism.

A

Morphogenesis

85
Q

formation of new cells or new organisms for growth and development; allows organisms to pass on their genes to their offspring.

A

Reproduction

86
Q

Regulates most systems in the body.

A

Negative Feedback

87
Q

Counteracts a change in a variable (for example, body temperature) by decreasing the change to help maintain homeostasis by returning to the set point.

A

Negative feedback

88
Q

Counteracts a change in a variable (for example, body temperature) by decreasing the change to help maintain homeostasis by returning to the set point.

A

Negative feedback

89
Q

Example of harmful positive feedback: after hemorrhage, blood pressure drops and the heart’s ability to pump blood decreases.

A

Positive feedback

90
Q

Effectors continue the response beyond the set point until the original stimulus is removed.

A

Positive feedback

91
Q

divides body into superior and inferior sections.

A

Transverse (horizontal)

92
Q

Other than at a right angle.

A

Oblique

93
Q

Body erect, face forward, feet together, palms face forward.

A

Anatomical Position

94
Q

lying face upward.

A

Supine

95
Q

lying face downward.

A

Prone

96
Q

Anterior is

A

Forward

97
Q

posterior is

A

Toward the back

98
Q

divides body into left and right portions.

A

Saggital

99
Q

is a sagittal plane down the midline of body.

A

Median

100
Q

divides body into anterior and posterior sections.

A

Frontal (coronal)

101
Q

surrounds the heart; contains pericardial fluid.

A

Pericardium

102
Q

surrounds the lungs and lines the thoracic cavity; contains pleural fluid.

A

Pleura

103
Q

surrounds many abdominal organs and lines the abdominopelvic cavity; contains peritoneal fluid.

A

Peritoneum

104
Q

contains many digestive organs (for example, stomach, intestines, liver) and spleen.

A

Abdominal

105
Q

contains urinary bladder, urethra, rectum, reproductive organs.

A

Pelvic

106
Q

cut along the length of an organ.

A

Longitudinal

107
Q

cut at right angle to the length of the organ.

A

Transverse (cross)

108
Q

cut at any but a right angle.

A

Oblique

109
Q

houses the brain

A

Cranial cavity

110
Q

houses the spinal cord.

A

Vertebral canal

111
Q

which is further divided into pleural cavities, each enclosing a lung, and a medial mediastinum.

A

Thoracic cavity

112
Q

which contains the heart, some major blood vessels, thymus, trachea, esophagus.

A

mediastinum

113
Q

regions of double-folded visceral peritoneum that is attached to certain points to the posterior abdominopelvic wall.

A

Mesentery

114
Q

provide a pathway for nerves and blood vessels to reach the digestive organs.

A

mesenteries

115
Q

behind the peritoneum; organs or parts of organs that only have peritoneum on their peritoneal cavity side; includes the kidneys, ureters, adrenal glands, part of the pancreas, parts of the large intestine, and the urinary bladder.

A

Retroperitoneal

116
Q

due to infection, can be very serious.

A

Inflammation

117
Q

inflammation of the pericardium

A

Pericarditis

118
Q

inflammation of the pleura

A

Pleurisy

119
Q

inflammation of the peritoneum

A

Peritonitis

120
Q

Cover the organs of body cavities and line the cavity.

A

Serous Membranes

121
Q

Cover the organs of body cavities and line the cavity.

A

Serous Membranes

122
Q

serous membrane that covers the organ.

A

visceral

123
Q

serous membrane that covers the organ.

A

visceral

124
Q

serous membrane line the cavity

A

parietal

125
Q

serous membrane line the cavity

A

parietal

AnaPhy (7 decks)

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