Skeletal System

Question 1

What are the 4 reasons why bones are considered living tissues?

Answer 1

1. They have blood and lymphatic vessels and nerves
2. They are subject to disease
3. They undergo turnover (cell creation and destruction)
4. They adjust to changes in stress

Question 2

What type of tissue is bone?

Answer 2

Connective

Question 3

What are the four primary functions of bone?

Answer 3

1. Structural and organizational support for the body
2. Protection of sensitive organs
3. Blood cell production (in the bone marrow)
4. Storage for important minerals (Calcium and Phosphorus)

Question 4

What are the two primary types of bone?

Answer 4

Compact/cortical and spongy/cancellous

Question 5

What is compact/cortical bone?

Answer 5

The hard layer on the exterior of bone that forms the shaft of long bones

Question 6

What is cancellous/spongy bone?

Answer 6

Spicules arranged in a porous network that is filled with marrow

Question 7

What is the medullary/marrow cavity?

Answer 7

A space surrounded by cortical bone that creates blood cells and releases calcium quickly

Question 8

What type of marrow fills the medullary cavity in young and old animals and what does each do?

Answer 8

Young animals- red marrow made of hematopoietic tissue, which produces blood cells

Old animals- yellow marrow made of fat

Question 9

Parts of gross bone from top to bottom (immature)

Answer 9

Articular cartilage, proximal epiphysis, epiphyseal cartilage, metaphysis, diaphysis, metaphysis, epiphyseal cartilage, distal epiphysis, articular cartilage

Question 10

Parts of gross bone from top to bottom (mature)

Answer 10

Articular cartilage, metaphysis (epiphysis included?), diaphysis (within is medullary cavity), metaphysis (epiphysis included?), articular cartilage

Question 11

What is the epiphysis and what are the two types?

Answer 11

Either end of a long bone

1.) Proximal epiphysis is the end closest to the body

2.) Distal epiphysis is the end farthest from the body

Question 12

What is the diaphysis?

Answer 12

The cylindrical shaft of the long bone between the two epiphyses

Question 13

What is the metaphysis?

Answer 13

The flared are of a mature bone that is adjacent to the epiphysis

Question 14

What is the epiphyseal cartilage/disk

Answer 14

A layer of hyaline cartilage in the metaphysis of an immature bone that allows the bone to lengthen

Question 15

What is articular cartilage?

Answer 15

A thin layer of hyaline cartilage that covers the joint surface of a bone

Question 16

What is the periosteum?

Answer 16

A fibrous membrane that covers the surface of a bone, except where there is articular cartilage

Question 17

What are osteoblasts?

Answer 17

Bone-producing cells

Question 18

What is the main function of periosteal osteoblasts?

Answer 18

To increase bone diameter and heal fractures

Question 19

What are 2 features of the periosteum?

Answer 19

Vascular and well-innervated

Question 20

What is the endosteum?

Answer 20

A fibrous membrane that covers the medullary cavity and the osteons of a bone

Question 21

What are osteoclasts?

Answer 21

Bone-destroying cells

Question 22

What is the main function of endosteal osteoclasts?

Answer 22

Determine the size of the medullary cavity and the thickness of the diaphyseal cortex (cortical bone)

Question 23

What are projections?

Answer 23

Protrusions above the surface

Question 24

What are depressions?

Answer 24

Low areas/indentations

Question 25

What does articular mean?

Answer 25

Relating to joints or areas of the bone covered by articular cartilage

Question 26

What does non-articular mean?

Answer 26

Not related to joints or articular cartilage