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Animal Science > Joints and Ligaments > Flashcards

Joints and Ligaments Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is syndesmology/arthrology

A

The study of articulations (unions) between bones, known as joints

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2
Q

Are all joints mobile?

A

No, many bony articulations allow for only very slight or no movement under normal circumstances

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3
Q

What tissue unites the bones of a joint?

A

Fibrous tissue or cartilage

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4
Q

What reflects a joint’s specific task?

A

Structure and arrangement of the tissues that unite bones

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5
Q

What are the three types of joints?

A

Fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial

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6
Q

What connects a fibrous joint?

A

Collagenous, fibrous connective tissue

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7
Q

What do fibrous joints not have?

A

A joint cavity

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8
Q

What level of movement do fibrous joints permit?

A

Very limited movement

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9
Q

What is a syndesmosis?

A

A joint that is united by a fibrous tissue that permits only slight movement

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10
Q

What is a suture?

A

A fibrous joint between flat bones of the skull that often completely ossifies with maturity

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11
Q

What is a gomphosis?

A

A specialized fibrous joint that unites teeth to the boney sockets of the mandible and maxilla (upper jaw)

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12
Q

What is the periodontium?

A

The collagenous tissues and fibroblasts that join the tooth to the socket

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13
Q

What are cartilaginous joints?

A

A joint where the bones are completely joined by cartilage, which can be either hyaline or fibrocartilage

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14
Q

What level of movement do cartilagenous joints provide?

A

More movement than fibrous joints, but less movement than synovial joints

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15
Q

What is a synchondrosis?

A

An immovable joint that is united by hyaline cartilage

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16
Q

What is a symphysis?

A

A joint united by fibrous tissue and cartilage (fibrocartilagenous joint)

Intervertebral disks have this kind of joint

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17
Q

What do “diarthroses” and “diarthrodial” mean and what do they describe?

A

They mean “freely mobile” and describe synovial joints

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17
Q

What is a synostosis?

A

A syndesmosis (fibrous), synchondrosis (hyaline cartilaginous), or symphysis (fibrocartilage) joint that has been replaced by bone

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18
Q

What is a synovial joint?

A

The most common type of joint in the body that is freely mobile and has a joint cavity, unlike fibrous and cartilaginous joints

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19
Q

What type of movement does a plane joint allow?

A

Gliding (clavicle)

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19
Q

What type of movement does a pivot joint allow?

A

Rotational, monaxial (side to side, up and down) (neck)

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19
Q

What type of movement does a saddle joint allow?

A

Angular, biaxial (flexion (bending), extension (increasing angle), abduction (away from midline), adduction (toward midline)) (human thumb)

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19
Q

What type of movement does a condylar joint allow?

A

Angular, biaxial, (up and down, side to side), circumduction (wrist)

19
Q

What type of movement does a hinge joint allow?

A

Angular, monaxial (flexion, extension) (knee, elbow, ankle)

19
Q

What type of movement does a ball and socket/spheroid joint allow?

A

Angular, circular, rotational, triaxial (movement on all axes) (shoulder/hips)

20
Q

What is the articular surface?

A

The specialized layer of compact bone on the surface that interacts with other bones’ articular surfaces

20
Q

What is the articular cartilage?

A

A layer of hyaline cartilage that covers the articular surfaces of bones

20
Q

What is the articular cavity?

A

A small space between two bones surrounded by a joint capsule that has a small amount of lubricating fluid and can be considered a potential space

21
Q

What are the two parts of the joint capsule?

A

The synovial membrane/layer and the fibrous capsule/layer

21
Q

What is the synovial membrane/layer

A

A layer of connective tissue that extends from the edges of the articular cartilage, but does not cover any of the articular cartilage

21
Q

What does the synovial membrane/layer do?

A

Secretes synovial fluid to lubricate the joint

21
Q

How does the synovial membrane increase its surface area?

A

With folds that contain fat pads and with villi, both of which protrude into the joint cavity

21
Q

What is the fibrous capsule/layer?

A

A fibrous sleeve that surrounds the synovial membrane

21
Q

What does a thickened fibrous capsule form?

A

Ligaments that connect bones within the articular cavity and stabilize joints

21
Q

What are ligaments?

A

Connective tissue bands that extend between bones

21
Q

What are tendons?

A

Connective tissue bands that connect muscle to bone

22
Q

What are ligaments and tendons made of?

A

Dense, regularly arranged bundles of collagen

22
Q

What are the types of movement a joint can permit?

A

Gliding/sliding, flexion (bending), extension (increasing angle), hyperextension (increased angle beyond what is normal), rotation, adduction (toward the midline), abduction (away from midline), circumduction

22
Q

What type of joint is found in humans but is not common in domestic animals?

A

Saddle joint

22
Q

Where is the temporomadibular joint and what type of joint is it?

A

Connects the mandible and skull

Modified hinge joint

22
Q

Where is the atlanto-occipital joint and what type of joint is it?

A

Connects the occipital bone (bottom bone of the skull) to the atlas bone (first vertebrae)

Pivot joint

22
Q

Where is the atlanto-axial joint and what type of joint is it?

A

Connects the atlas bone (first vertebrae) to the axis bone (second vertebrae)

Pivot joint

23
Q

Where is the costo-vertebral joint and what type of joint is it?

A

Connects the ribs to the thoracic vertebrae

Plane joint

23
Q

Where is the intervertebral joint and what type of joint is it?

A

Connects two vertebrae

Symphysis (type of cartilaginous joint)

23
Q

Where is the scapulo-humeral joint and what type of joint is it?

A

Shoulder joint- connects the scapula (shoulder blade) and the humerus (upper arm)

Ball and socket joint

24
Q

Where is the humero-radial joint and what type of joint is it?

A

Connects the humerus (upper arm) with the radius (thicker lower arm)

Ball and socket joint

25
Q

Where is the humero-ulnar joint and what type of joint is it?

A

Connects the humerus (upper arm) with the ulna (thinner lower arm)

Hinge

25
Q

Where is the carpal joint and what kind of joint is it?

A

Wrist joint, connects the forearm with the metacarpals of the hand/paw

Condylar joint

25
Q

Where is the metacarpophalangeal joint and what type of joint is it?

A

Knuckles- connects the “palm” with the fingers

Condylar joint

25
Q

Where is the interphalangeal joint and what type of joint is it?

A

Connects the phalanges

Hinge joint

26
Q

Where is the coxofemoral joint and what type of joint is it?

A

Hip joint connects the pelvis and the femur

Ball and socket joint

27
Q

Where is the femoral-tibial joint and what type of joint is it?

A

Part of the stifle/knee joint that connects the femur and the tibia (thicker lower leg bone)

Hinge joint

28
Q

Where is the femoral-patellar joint and what type of joint is it?

A

Part of the stifle/knee joint that connects the femur and the patella

Plane joint

29
Q

Where is the tarsal joint and what type of joint is it?

A

Connects the tarsal bones with the metatarsal bones

Plane joint

30
Q

Where is the metatarsal-phalangeal joint and what type of joint is it?

A

Connects the metatarsal bones with the phalanges

Condylar joint

Animal Science (12 decks)

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