Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Animal Science > Female Reproductive System Anatomy > Flashcards

Female Reproductive System Anatomy Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the site of oogenesis and steroidogenesis?

A

Ovary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the site of fertilization?

A

Oviduct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the powerful smooth muscle sphincter?

A

Cervix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the external genitalia that is the vestibule for entry to the vagina?

A

Vulva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the site for delivery of sperm?

A

Vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the site for the developing fetus?

A

Uterine body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How are the ovaries organized?

A

Typically paired

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the ovaries invested/covered in?

A

A dense connective tissue capsule called the tunica albuginea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

In what way do the ovaries vary?

A

Their size varies considerably between species and there is variation within a species sometimes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the most vascular part of the ovary?

A

Medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does the cortex of the ovary consist of?

A

Dense, irregular connective tissue that is interspersed with follicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is contained in the cortex of the ovary and what role do they play?

A

Interstitial cells which aide in endocrine function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the primary organ of female reproduction?

A

Ovary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is significant about the number of oocytes in an individual?

A

Thousands are present at birth but only some will develop into a mature ova

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the two main functions of the follicle?

A

Contains the egg (oocyte, ovum, etc.) and produces estrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the 5 types of follicle?

A

1.) Primordial
2.) Primary
3.) Secondary
4.) Tertiary
5.) Atretic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What type of follicle do most end up becoming and what does this mean?

A

Atretic, which represents regression into atresia instead of ovulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When are the primary follicles made?

A

Before birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What happens at the secondary and tertiary follicles?

A

Differentiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What distinguishes a secondary follicle from a tertiary follicle?

A

The presence of an antrum, which is encased in a tissue developed from theca cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does the corpeus luteum develop from and what is its main function?

A

Develops from cells of an ovulated follicle

Produces progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are other names for the uterine tubes?

A

Oviducts and Fallopian Tubes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the uterine tubes/oviducts?

A

Paired tubes that transport ova from the ovary to the horn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the portion of the uterine tube adjacent to the ovary?

A

Infundibulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the structure of the infundibulum?

A

Thin-walled, funnel-shaped with a complex series of fimbriae at the opening (think of it like a catcher’s mitt that encloses the ovary and directs the ovum into the uterine tube)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What do the fimbriae do to the infundibulum?

A

Fimbriae on the edges position it over the follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the oviducts made of?

A

Muscular walls and folded ciliated mucous membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What happens during estrus to unciliated cells in the oviducts?

A

Actively secrete

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What type of muscle makes up the uterine tube wall?

A

Smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the function of cilia and muscles in the female reproductive structures?

A

Move ova and spermatozoa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the portion that supports the uterine tube called?

A

Mesosalpinx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is the structure of the uterus in domestic animals?

A

A body, a cervix, and two horns

33
Q

What is a simplex uterus?

A

A uterus that does not have any significant uterine horns

34
Q

What is a bicornuate uterus?

A

A uterus with two distinct uterine horns and a single cervix

35
Q

What is a duplex uterus?

A

A uterus with two cervices and two uterine horns

36
Q

What are the three layers of the uterine body?

A

Perimetrium, myometrium, and endometirum

37
Q

What layer of the uterine body is on the outside of the uterus?

A

Perimetrium

38
Q

What is the perimetrium covered by?

A

Visceral peritoneum

39
Q

What is the middle layer of the uterine body called?

A

Myometrium

40
Q

What is the myometrium made of and how does it change?

A

It’s made of a smooth muscle wall that grows as the fetus grows

41
Q

What layer of the uterine body is responsive to hormones?

A

Myometrium

42
Q

What hormones does the myometrium respond to and how does it respond to each?

A

When responding to progesterone, it relaxes and decreases its tone. When responding to estrogen, it contracts and increases its tone

43
Q

What does contraction of the myometrium allow?

A

Expulsion of fetus

44
Q

What is the innermost layer of the uterine body?

A

Endometrium

45
Q

What does the endometrium consist of and how does it vary?

A

Highly glandular tissues that varies in thickness and vascularity with changes in hormones

46
Q

Where is the site of attachment for placental membranes?

A

Endometrium

47
Q

How long after the embryo reaches the uterus does it take for the embryo to attach to the uterus?

A

5-7 days

48
Q

What is the cervix?

A

A powerful smooth muscle sphincter

49
Q

How does the cervix sphincter act under normal conditions and when does that change?

A

It is tightly closed normally except during estrus and parturition

50
Q

During estrus what happens to the cervix and why?

A

It slightly relaxes to allow spermatozoa to enter the uterus

51
Q

What are annular folds?

A

Small, circular ridges/rings present in the cervix of some species

52
Q

What are the two main functions of the vagina?

A

To act as a birth canal for delivery and to act as a sheath for the penis during intercourse

53
Q

What type of cells make up the vagina in most species?

A

Glandless stratified squamous epithelium

54
Q

What happens to the vagina at the time of breeding?

A

It is able to stretch and has increased mucus

55
Q

When poor conformation is present, what can happen?

A

Pooling of urine in the vagina (and sometimes uterus) which leads to infection and/or reduced fertility

56
Q

Where is the vestibule located?

A

Between the vagina and external genitalia

57
Q

How does the vestibule relate to the urinary system?

A

It is an opening that is common to both the urinary/reproductive tracts

58
Q

What helps characterize the vestibule?

A

Its many mucous glands

59
Q

What is the vulva?

A

External genitalia for the female

60
Q

What are the two sides of the vulva called and where do they meet?

A

They are called the right and left labia and meet at the ventral and dorsal commissures

61
Q

How can the ventral commissure be described and what does it do?

A

It is somewhat pendulous and conceals the clitoris

62
Q

What makes up the clitoris?

A

Two crura/roots, a body, and a glans

Only the glans is visible externally

63
Q

What is the layout of blood vessels in the female reproductive system?

A

Very branched with vessels being bilateral

64
Q

Where does the ovarian artery arise from?

A

Caudal to the aorta through the renal arteries

65
Q

Where does primary blood supply to the uterine body, horns, and developing fetus come from?

A

The uterine artery

66
Q

What is the uterine artery derived from?

A

The vaginal artery

67
Q

What happens to the uterine artery during pregnancy?

A

As pregnancy progresses, it enlarges and features several branches

68
Q

What is vibration of the uterine artery called and what does this indicate?

A

It’s called fremitus and it indicates pregnancy in cattle (detected through rectal examination)

69
Q

What type of nerve pathways are available in the female reproductive system?

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways

70
Q

Where do the two nerve pathways arise from?

A

The sympathetic autonomic innervation arises from the hypogastric nerves

The parasympathetic nerves arise from the sacral spinal cord

71
Q

What are the two significant types of somatic nerves and what do they detect?

A

The two types of somatic nerves are the pudendal and perineal nerves that detect motor and sensory stimuli on the external genitalia

72
Q

What nerve is associated with the parasympathetic autonomic pathway?

A

Pelvic nerve

73
Q

What nerve is associated with the sympathetic autonomic pathway?

A

Hypogastric nerve

74
Q

What type of placenta does a cow have?

A

Cotyledonary

75
Q

What type of placenta does a horse have?

A

Diffuse

76
Q

What type of placenta does a pig have?

A

Diffuse

77
Q

What type of placenta does a dog have?

A

Zonary

78
Q

What type of placenta does a primate have?

A

Discoidal

Animal Science (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions