Skeletal System Flashcards
1
Q
It is the internal framework of the body.
A
Skeletal System
2
Q
It consists of bones, cartilages, and joints.
A
Skeletal System
3
Q
Give the 5 Functions of the Bones:
A
- Support
- Protection
- Allow Movement
- Storage
- Blood Cell Production
4
Q
It is a blood cell formation that occurs within the cavities of certain bones.
A
Hematopoiesis
5
Q
What are the kinds of Bone Cells?
A
Osteblast, Osteocytes, Osteoclasts
6
Q
It is a bone-building cells; produce colagen and secrete calcium and phosphate.
A
Osteoblast
7
Q
It is the formation of new bone by osteoblasts.
A
Ossification
8
Q
The Bone Matrix must have?
A
35% Organic: collagen & phosphate
65% Inorganic: Calcium Phosphate Crystals (HYDROXYAPATITE)
9
Q
What happened to the bone if it has less collagen?
A
It makes the bone brittle.
10
Q
What happened to the bone if it has less calcium?
A
The bone will become bendable.
11
Q
It is a matured bone cells that covers the 90-95% of bone cells.
A
Osteocytes
12
Q
What is the lofe span of an osteocytes?
A
25 years
13
Q
It is a small canals for transport of nutrients and waste product.
A
Canaliculi
14
Q
It is a thin sheets of extracellular matrix; the layers of compact bone.
A
Lamallae
15
Q
It is a bone destroying cells; Bone reabsorption.
A
Osteoclasts
16
Q
A bone stem cells that developed embryologically from Mesenchymal Cells; It is the first bone cell.
A
Osteoprogenitor Cells
17
Q
A multipotent stem cells that can differentiate into a variety of cell types.
A
Mesenchymal Cells
18
Q
The total bone of an adult skeleton.
A
206 bones
19
Q
The 2 Types of Bones:
A
Spongy Bone and Compact Bone
20
Q
It is a Cancellous Bone that consists of interconnecting rods or plates and found between the trabeculae.
A
Spongy Bone
21
Q
It is a cortical bone and the solid, outer layer sorrounding each bone.
A
Compact Bone
22
Q
It is the functional unit of a long bone.
A
Osteons
23
Q
It is the interconnecting rods or plates of bone.
A
Trabeculae
24
Q
A central canal where blood vessels enter.
A
Haversian Canal
25
It is a perforating canals that deliver blood to one central canal to another.
Volkmann Canal
26
Give the 5 kinds of shape does a Bone have:
1. Long Bones
2. Short Bones
3. Flat Bones
4. Irregular Bones
5. Sesamoid Bone
27
It is the majority of Bones in the body.
Long Bones
28
Give an Example of a Long Bones.
Humerus & Femur
29
It is called the shaft of a long bones; the center portion of the bone.
Diaphysis
30
It is called the ends of long bones; Made if thin layer of conpact bone; covered with hyaline cartilage.
Epiphysis
31
It is alse called as a growth plate and located between epiphysis and the diaphysis.
Epiphysial Plates
32
When bone growth stops, the cartilage of each epiphyseal plate is replaced by bone and becomes _____?
Epiphyseal Line
33
The site of hematopoiesis or blodd formation; found in fetus.
Red Marrow
34
It is mostly adipose tissue and contains mesenchymal stem cells to produce cartilage.
Yellow Marrow
35
A connective tissue membrane covering the outer surface of a bone.
Periosteum
36
A peforating fibers are collagen fibers of tendons or ligaments that penetrate the periosteum for attachment.
Sharpey Fibers
37
It is the interior framework of spongy bone sandwiched between two layers of conpact bone.
Flat Bones
38
Give an example of a Flat Bones:
Sternum, scapula, pelvis, cranial bones.
39
These are compact bon surfaces sorrounding a spongy bone center with small spaces that are usually filled with marrow.
Short Bones
40
Give an example of Short Bones:
Tarsals & Carpals
41
It is similar to shortbones, not elongated abd no diaphysis.
Irregular Bones
42
Give an example of Irregular Bones:
Vertebra (spine), facial bones
43
Bones that embedded on tendons and protect tendons from stress and wear.
Sesamoid Bone
44
Give an example of a Sesamoid Bone:
Patella (knee cap), Hallucal sesamoid Bone (foot)
45
What are the 2 Patterna of Bone Formation?
Intramembranous ossification ; Endochondral Ossification
46
It starts at the 8th week of embryonic development and is completed by approx. 2 years; it is the mesenchymal cells.
Intramembranous Ossification
47
Begins at approx. 4th week of embryonic development, it starts at 8th week until as late as 18-20 years of age.
Endochrondal Ossification
48
Stages of Intramembranous Ossification:
1. Osteoblast Formation
2. Spongy Bone Formation
3. Compact Bone Formation
49
Stages of Endochondral Ossification:
1. Chondroblast produce a cartilage model.
2. Bone collar is produced.
3. A Primary ossification center forms.
4. A Secondary ossification forms in epiphysis.
5. The epiphyseal plate has become the epiphyseal line.
50
It is also called articulation, the sites where two or more bones meets.
Joints
51
Give the 3 Joint Classification (Structure):
1. Synovial Joint
2. Cartilaginous Joint
2. Fibrous joint
52
It's enclosed in an elastic joint capsule.
Synovial Joint
53
It is the lubricant secreted by the synovial membrane.
Synovial Fluid
54
The 5 types of Synovial Joint:
1. Plane Joint
2. Saddle Joint
3. Hinge Joint
4. Pivot Joint
5. Ball & Socket Joint
55
A gliding joint, consists of two flat bone surfaces of about equal size. It's movement is back and forth in limited rotation.
Plane Joint
56
Each articularsurfaces has both convex and concave areas. It's movement is side to side and back and forth but cannot rotate.
Saddle Joint
57
A convex cylinder in one bone is applied to a concave bone, one angular movement in just one plane.
Hinge Joint
58
Rounded end of bones fits into a sleeve or ring of bone, it's movement is to rotate only around its axis.
Pivot Joint
59
Spherical head of one bone fits into the round socket of another.
Ball & Socket Joint
60
It allows slight movement and holds bone firmly in place.
Cartilaginous Joint
61
2 Types of a Cartilaginous Joint:
Synchondroses & Symphyses
62
It is an immovable joints linked by hyaline cartilage ( sternum).
Synchondroses
63
It is a slightly movable joints linked by fibrocartilage.
Symphyses
64
It has no movement at all, joined by thick fibrous tissue.
Fibrous Joint
65
2 types of Fibrous Joints:
Syndesmosis & Gomphoses
66
It is slightly movable and joined by ligaments.
Syndesmosis
67
Specialized joints consisting of pegs that fit into sockets.
Gomphoses
68
It is a fibrous joints connecting the bones of the skull.
Sutures
69
These are the Joint Classification (Function):
1. Synarthroses
2. Ampiarthroses
3. Diaryhroses
70
2 Types of Skeleton
Axial and Appendicular Skeleton
71
Axial Skeleton are consist of:
Skull, Vertebral column, Thoracic cage
72
In skull, it encloses and protect the brain.
Cranium
73
In skull, it forms the orbital cavities.
Facial Bones
74
Bones that found in the Carnium:
1. Frontal Bone
2. Parietal Bone
3. Temporal Bone
4. Occipital Bone
5. Sphenoid Bone
6. Ethmoid Bone
75
Bones that are found in the Facial Bones:
1. Maxilla
2. Mandible
3. Nasal Bones
4. Zygomatic Bones
5. Lacrimal Bones
6. Palatine Bones
7. Vomer Bone
8. Inferior Nasal Conchae
76
It is the only bone in the body that does not form a joint with any other bone.
Hyoid Bone
77
It supports the Skull and transfer weight of the body to the limbs.
Vertebral Column (spine)
78
How many bones that the Vertebral Column does have?
26 bones
79
It is a cushion of fibrocartilage for shock-absorbing effect within the spine and prevent the vertebrae from grinding together.
Intervertebral disc (IV Disc)
80
It is an abnormal increase in curve of a thoracic spine; humpback.
Kyphosis
81
It is an abnormal increase in forward curvature of lumbar spine; swayback.
Lordosis
82
Abnormal lateral and rotational curvature of the spine.
Scoliosis
83
Attached to vertebral column; provides support organs, such as heart and lungs.
Thoracic Cage
84
How many pairs of ribs does the thoracic cage have?
12 pairs
85
10 pairs attached to the sternum in front.
True Ribs
86
Inferior 2 pairs and no attachment in the front.
Floating Ribs
87
Appendicular skeleton are consist of:
Shoulder girdle, Upper extremity, Pelvic Girdle, Lower extremity.
88
Attaches upper extremity to axial skeleton; also known as pectoral girdle.
Shoulder Girdle
89
The Arm.
Upper extremity
90
Upper extremity is consist of:
Humerus, Ulna, Radius, Carpals, Metacarpals, and Phalanges
91
Also called as Coxae, innominate bones or hip bones, attaches the lower extremity to axial skeleton.
Pelvic Girdle
92
Pelvic girdle is consists of:
Ilium, Ischium, and Pubis
93
It is the leg.
Lower extremity
94
Lower Extremity is consist of:
Femur, patella, Tibia, Fibula, Tarsals, Metatarsals, and Phalanges
95
It is a break in continuity of bones.
Farcture
96
Stages of Bone Repair:
1. Hematoma Formation
2. Callus Formation
3. Callus Ossification
4. Bone Remodeling
97
Blood released form damaged blood vessels.
Hematoma Formation
98
A mass of bone tissue that forms at a fracture site.
Callus Formation
99
It encircles the break and connects the outer broken ends to the bone.
External callus
100
It forms between the ends inside the broken bone.
Internal Callus
101
A cancerous tumor or shaft of long bones; spreads through periosteum; amputation is necessary to prevent spread.
Ewing's Sarcoma
102
It is also known as osteogenic sarcoma most common types of bone cancer.
Osteosarcoma
103
Softenin of the bones caused by calcium deficiency in adults.
Osteomalacia
104
Softening of bones in children with insufficient vutamin D in sunlight.
Rickets
105
Decrease in bone mass; results to thinning and weakening of bones.
Osteoporosis
106
Results in degeneration of bone and joints; bone rubs against bone.
Osteoarthritis
107
Autoimmune inflammation of joints with swelling, stiffness, pain, results in joint deformities.
Rheumatoid arthritis
108
Bones in joints are displaced from normal alignment; most common in shoulder.
Joint dislocation
