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anaphy class > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

It is the internal framework of the body.

A

Skeletal System

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2
Q

It consists of bones, cartilages, and joints.

A

Skeletal System

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3
Q

Give the 5 Functions of the Bones:

A
  1. Support
  2. Protection
  3. Allow Movement
  4. Storage
  5. Blood Cell Production
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4
Q

It is a blood cell formation that occurs within the cavities of certain bones.

A

Hematopoiesis

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5
Q

What are the kinds of Bone Cells?

A

Osteblast, Osteocytes, Osteoclasts

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6
Q

It is a bone-building cells; produce colagen and secrete calcium and phosphate.

A

Osteoblast

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7
Q

It is the formation of new bone by osteoblasts.

A

Ossification

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8
Q

The Bone Matrix must have?

A

35% Organic: collagen & phosphate
65% Inorganic: Calcium Phosphate Crystals (HYDROXYAPATITE)

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9
Q

What happened to the bone if it has less collagen?

A

It makes the bone brittle.

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10
Q

What happened to the bone if it has less calcium?

A

The bone will become bendable.

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11
Q

It is a matured bone cells that covers the 90-95% of bone cells.

A

Osteocytes

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12
Q

What is the lofe span of an osteocytes?

A

25 years

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13
Q

It is a small canals for transport of nutrients and waste product.

A

Canaliculi

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14
Q

It is a thin sheets of extracellular matrix; the layers of compact bone.

A

Lamallae

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15
Q

It is a bone destroying cells; Bone reabsorption.

A

Osteoclasts

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16
Q

A bone stem cells that developed embryologically from Mesenchymal Cells; It is the first bone cell.

A

Osteoprogenitor Cells

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17
Q

A multipotent stem cells that can differentiate into a variety of cell types.

A

Mesenchymal Cells

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18
Q

The total bone of an adult skeleton.

A

206 bones

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19
Q

The 2 Types of Bones:

A

Spongy Bone and Compact Bone

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20
Q

It is a Cancellous Bone that consists of interconnecting rods or plates and found between the trabeculae.

A

Spongy Bone

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21
Q

It is a cortical bone and the solid, outer layer sorrounding each bone.

A

Compact Bone

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22
Q

It is the functional unit of a long bone.

A

Osteons

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23
Q

It is the interconnecting rods or plates of bone.

A

Trabeculae

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24
Q

A central canal where blood vessels enter.

A

Haversian Canal

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25
Q

It is a perforating canals that deliver blood to one central canal to another.

A

Volkmann Canal

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26
Q

Give the 5 kinds of shape does a Bone have:

A
  1. Long Bones
  2. Short Bones
  3. Flat Bones
  4. Irregular Bones
  5. Sesamoid Bone
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27
Q

It is the majority of Bones in the body.

A

Long Bones

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28
Q

Give an Example of a Long Bones.

A

Humerus & Femur

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29
Q

It is called the shaft of a long bones; the center portion of the bone.

A

Diaphysis

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30
Q

It is called the ends of long bones; Made if thin layer of conpact bone; covered with hyaline cartilage.

A

Epiphysis

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31
Q

It is alse called as a growth plate and located between epiphysis and the diaphysis.

A

Epiphysial Plates

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32
Q

When bone growth stops, the cartilage of each epiphyseal plate is replaced by bone and becomes _____?

A

Epiphyseal Line

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33
Q

The site of hematopoiesis or blodd formation; found in fetus.

A

Red Marrow

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34
Q

It is mostly adipose tissue and contains mesenchymal stem cells to produce cartilage.

A

Yellow Marrow

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35
Q

A connective tissue membrane covering the outer surface of a bone.

A

Periosteum

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36
Q

A peforating fibers are collagen fibers of tendons or ligaments that penetrate the periosteum for attachment.

A

Sharpey Fibers

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37
Q

It is the interior framework of spongy bone sandwiched between two layers of conpact bone.

A

Flat Bones

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38
Q

Give an example of a Flat Bones:

A

Sternum, scapula, pelvis, cranial bones.

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39
Q

These are compact bon surfaces sorrounding a spongy bone center with small spaces that are usually filled with marrow.

A

Short Bones

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40
Q

Give an example of Short Bones:

A

Tarsals & Carpals

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41
Q

It is similar to shortbones, not elongated abd no diaphysis.

A

Irregular Bones

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42
Q

Give an example of Irregular Bones:

A

Vertebra (spine), facial bones

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43
Q

Bones that embedded on tendons and protect tendons from stress and wear.

A

Sesamoid Bone

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44
Q

Give an example of a Sesamoid Bone:

A

Patella (knee cap), Hallucal sesamoid Bone (foot)

45
Q

What are the 2 Patterna of Bone Formation?

A

Intramembranous ossification ; Endochondral Ossification

46
Q

It starts at the 8th week of embryonic development and is completed by approx. 2 years; it is the mesenchymal cells.

A

Intramembranous Ossification

47
Q

Begins at approx. 4th week of embryonic development, it starts at 8th week until as late as 18-20 years of age.

A

Endochrondal Ossification

48
Q

Stages of Intramembranous Ossification:

A
  1. Osteoblast Formation
  2. Spongy Bone Formation
  3. Compact Bone Formation
49
Q

Stages of Endochondral Ossification:

A
  1. Chondroblast produce a cartilage model.
  2. Bone collar is produced.
  3. A Primary ossification center forms.
  4. A Secondary ossification forms in epiphysis.
  5. The epiphyseal plate has become the epiphyseal line.
50
Q

It is also called articulation, the sites where two or more bones meets.

A

Joints

51
Q

Give the 3 Joint Classification (Structure):

A
  1. Synovial Joint
  2. Cartilaginous Joint
  3. Fibrous joint
52
Q

It’s enclosed in an elastic joint capsule.

A

Synovial Joint

53
Q

It is the lubricant secreted by the synovial membrane.

A

Synovial Fluid

54
Q

The 5 types of Synovial Joint:

A
  1. Plane Joint
  2. Saddle Joint
  3. Hinge Joint
  4. Pivot Joint
  5. Ball & Socket Joint
55
Q

A gliding joint, consists of two flat bone surfaces of about equal size. It’s movement is back and forth in limited rotation.

A

Plane Joint

56
Q

Each articularsurfaces has both convex and concave areas. It’s movement is side to side and back and forth but cannot rotate.

A

Saddle Joint

57
Q

A convex cylinder in one bone is applied to a concave bone, one angular movement in just one plane.

A

Hinge Joint

58
Q

Rounded end of bones fits into a sleeve or ring of bone, it’s movement is to rotate only around its axis.

A

Pivot Joint

59
Q

Spherical head of one bone fits into the round socket of another.

A

Ball & Socket Joint

60
Q

It allows slight movement and holds bone firmly in place.

A

Cartilaginous Joint

61
Q

2 Types of a Cartilaginous Joint:

A

Synchondroses & Symphyses

62
Q

It is an immovable joints linked by hyaline cartilage ( sternum).

A

Synchondroses

63
Q

It is a slightly movable joints linked by fibrocartilage.

A

Symphyses

64
Q

It has no movement at all, joined by thick fibrous tissue.

A

Fibrous Joint

65
Q

2 types of Fibrous Joints:

A

Syndesmosis & Gomphoses

66
Q

It is slightly movable and joined by ligaments.

A

Syndesmosis

67
Q

Specialized joints consisting of pegs that fit into sockets.

A

Gomphoses

68
Q

It is a fibrous joints connecting the bones of the skull.

A

Sutures

69
Q

These are the Joint Classification (Function):

A
  1. Synarthroses
  2. Ampiarthroses
  3. Diaryhroses
70
Q

2 Types of Skeleton

A

Axial and Appendicular Skeleton

71
Q

Axial Skeleton are consist of:

A

Skull, Vertebral column, Thoracic cage

72
Q

In skull, it encloses and protect the brain.

A

Cranium

73
Q

In skull, it forms the orbital cavities.

A

Facial Bones

74
Q

Bones that found in the Carnium:

A
  1. Frontal Bone
  2. Parietal Bone
  3. Temporal Bone
  4. Occipital Bone
  5. Sphenoid Bone
  6. Ethmoid Bone
75
Q

Bones that are found in the Facial Bones:

A
  1. Maxilla
  2. Mandible
  3. Nasal Bones
  4. Zygomatic Bones
  5. Lacrimal Bones
  6. Palatine Bones
  7. Vomer Bone
  8. Inferior Nasal Conchae
76
Q

It is the only bone in the body that does not form a joint with any other bone.

A

Hyoid Bone

77
Q

It supports the Skull and transfer weight of the body to the limbs.

A

Vertebral Column (spine)

78
Q

How many bones that the Vertebral Column does have?

A

26 bones

79
Q

It is a cushion of fibrocartilage for shock-absorbing effect within the spine and prevent the vertebrae from grinding together.

A

Intervertebral disc (IV Disc)

80
Q

It is an abnormal increase in curve of a thoracic spine; humpback.

A

Kyphosis

81
Q

It is an abnormal increase in forward curvature of lumbar spine; swayback.

A

Lordosis

82
Q

Abnormal lateral and rotational curvature of the spine.

A

Scoliosis

83
Q

Attached to vertebral column; provides support organs, such as heart and lungs.

A

Thoracic Cage

84
Q

How many pairs of ribs does the thoracic cage have?

A

12 pairs

85
Q

10 pairs attached to the sternum in front.

A

True Ribs

86
Q

Inferior 2 pairs and no attachment in the front.

A

Floating Ribs

87
Q

Appendicular skeleton are consist of:

A

Shoulder girdle, Upper extremity, Pelvic Girdle, Lower extremity.

88
Q

Attaches upper extremity to axial skeleton; also known as pectoral girdle.

A

Shoulder Girdle

89
Q

The Arm.

A

Upper extremity

90
Q

Upper extremity is consist of:

A

Humerus, Ulna, Radius, Carpals, Metacarpals, and Phalanges

91
Q

Also called as Coxae, innominate bones or hip bones, attaches the lower extremity to axial skeleton.

A

Pelvic Girdle

92
Q

Pelvic girdle is consists of:

A

Ilium, Ischium, and Pubis

93
Q

It is the leg.

A

Lower extremity

94
Q

Lower Extremity is consist of:

A

Femur, patella, Tibia, Fibula, Tarsals, Metatarsals, and Phalanges

95
Q

It is a break in continuity of bones.

A

Farcture

96
Q

Stages of Bone Repair:

A
  1. Hematoma Formation
  2. Callus Formation
  3. Callus Ossification
  4. Bone Remodeling
97
Q

Blood released form damaged blood vessels.

A

Hematoma Formation

98
Q

A mass of bone tissue that forms at a fracture site.

A

Callus Formation

99
Q

It encircles the break and connects the outer broken ends to the bone.

A

External callus

100
Q

It forms between the ends inside the broken bone.

A

Internal Callus

101
Q

A cancerous tumor or shaft of long bones; spreads through periosteum; amputation is necessary to prevent spread.

A

Ewing’s Sarcoma

102
Q

It is also known as osteogenic sarcoma most common types of bone cancer.

A

Osteosarcoma

103
Q

Softenin of the bones caused by calcium deficiency in adults.

A

Osteomalacia

104
Q

Softening of bones in children with insufficient vutamin D in sunlight.

A

Rickets

105
Q

Decrease in bone mass; results to thinning and weakening of bones.

A

Osteoporosis

106
Q

Results in degeneration of bone and joints; bone rubs against bone.

A

Osteoarthritis

107
Q

Autoimmune inflammation of joints with swelling, stiffness, pain, results in joint deformities.

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

108
Q

Bones in joints are displaced from normal alignment; most common in shoulder.

A

Joint dislocation

anaphy class (7 decks)

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