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Anaphy Class > Muscular System > Flashcards

Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

3 Types of Muscle:

A

Skeletal Muscle, Cardiac Muscle, Smooth Muscle

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2
Q

Muscle Cells that are elongated.

A

Muscle Fibers

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3
Q

The ability of a muscle to shorten forcefully, or contract.

A

Contractility

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4
Q

The capacity of muscle to respond to a stimulus.

A

Excitability

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5
Q

A muscle can be stretched beyond its normal resting length and still be able to contract.

A

Extensibility

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6
Q

The ability of a muscle to recoil to its original resting length after it has been stretched.

A

Elasticity

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7
Q

Large, cigar-shaped, multinucleate cells with obvious striations; largest muscle fibers.

A

Skeletal Muscle

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8
Q

Speed of contraction of a Skeletal Muscle.

A

Slow to fast

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9
Q

Found only in heart where it forms the bulk of the heart walls.

A

Cardiac muscle

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10
Q

Speed of contraction of a cardiac muscle.

A

Slow

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11
Q

Found mostly in the walls of hollow visceral organs.

A

Smooth Muscle

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12
Q

Speed of Contraction of a Smooth Muscle.

A

Very Slow

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13
Q

What are the connective tissue coverings?

A
  1. Tendons
  2. Epimysium
  3. Perimysium
  4. Endomysium
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14
Q

It is the muscular fascia.

A

Epimysium

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15
Q

It covers the fasicle.

A

Perimysium

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16
Q

It covers muscle fibers.

A

Endomysium

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17
Q

Types of Skeletal Muscle Fibers:

A

Chemical Component Structures, Mechanical Component Structures

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18
Q

Electrical Component Structures are consist of:

A

Sarcolemma, Trasverse tubules (T tubules), Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

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19
Q

It is the plasma membrane.

A

Sarcolemma

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20
Q

Carry electrical impulses into the center of the muscle fiber to contract in unison.

A

Transverse Tubules (T-tubules)

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21
Q

Highly specialized smooth endoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle fibers that stores high levels of calcium.

A

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

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22
Q

Mechanical Component Structures are consists of:

A

Myofibrils, Myofilaments

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23
Q

A globular subunits that has an active site fo4 myosin.

A

G Actin Molecules

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24
Q

Long, fibrous protein covering the active sites on the G actin.

A

Tropomyosin

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25
Q

It is attached at specific intervarls along the actin myofilaments; a subunit that binds Ca2+.

A

Troponin

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26
Q

2 myosin heavy chains.

A

Rod Portion

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27
Q

Nane the 2 Myosin Heads.

A

Myosin light chains and Hinge Region

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28
Q

The basic structural and functional unit of a skeletal muscle. It is the smallest portion of a skeletal muscle capable of contracting.

A

Sarcomeres

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29
Q

Gap between nerve endings and sarcolemma.

A

Synaptic Cleft

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30
Q

Contains a neurotransmitter called a ACETYLOCHOLINE.

A

Synaptic Vesicles

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31
Q

Chemical that stimulates skeletal muscle fiber.

A

Neurotransmitter

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32
Q

Electrical current generated by the Na+ -K+ pump.

A

Action Potential

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33
Q

Boundary of each sarcomere.

A

Z-Disks

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34
Q

Contains only actin myofilaments (including Z-disks).

A

I Band

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35
Q

Contains both actin and myosin myofilaments.

A

A Band

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36
Q

Give the 2 Types of Muscle Contractions:

A

Isotonic Contraction and Isometric Contraction

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37
Q

This type of contraction increases the tension in the muscle while the length of the muse decreases (muscle shortens).

A

Isotonic Contraction

38
Q

This type of contraction increases the tension in the muscle, but the length of the muscle stays the same ( no muscle shortening).

A

Isometric Contraction

39
Q

Raise eyebrows, wrinkle forehead.

40
Q

Close eyes, wink, blink.

A

Orbicularis oculi

41
Q

Closes mouth, protudes lips.

A

Orbicularis Oris

42
Q

Flattens the cheek (blow, whistle)

A

Buccinator

43
Q

Raises corners of mouth (smiling)

A

Zygomaticus

44
Q

Closes the jaw by elating mandible.

45
Q

Assists masseter in closing the jaw.

A

Temporalis

46
Q

It is a condition that causes a temporary weakness or paralysis of the muscles in the face.

A

Bell’s Palsy

47
Q

Controls the Facial Nerves.

A

Cranial Nerve 7

48
Q

It is a neck muscle that is downward sag of the mouth (the sad clown face).

49
Q

It is a neck muscle that is paired; one on each side of the neck.

A

Sternocleidomastoid

50
Q

Disorder characterized by a shortening of at least one of the cervical muscles and biting of the head to the opposite side.

A

Congenital Muscular Torticollis (Wryneck)

51
Q

Muscles that covers the upper part of the chest; forms the anterior part of the axilla/armpit.

A

Pectoralis Major

52
Q

Deep muscles found between the ribs.

A

Intercostals

53
Q

Help to raise your ribcage when you inhale.

A

External intercostals

54
Q

Depress the ribcage, helping to move air out of the lungs when you exhale forcibly.

A

Internal Intercostals

55
Q

Most superficial; flexion/bending the spine, compress during defecation and childbirth.

A

Rectus Abdominis

56
Q

Flexion, rotation, lateral bending of trunk.

A

External & Internal Obliques

57
Q

Deepest; compresses abdominal contents.

A

Transverse abdominis

58
Q

Most superficial muscles of the posterior neck and upper trunk, elevate, depress, and stabilize the scapula.

59
Q

Lower Trunk; Swimmer’s muscl; shoulder extension, adduction, internal rotation.

A

Latissimus Dorsi

60
Q

Form the rounded shape of shoulders; shoulder flexion, extension, abduction, internal and external rotation.

61
Q

Form the rounded shape of shoulders; shoulder flexion, extension, abduction, internal and external rotation.

62
Q

Deep muscles of the back; prime mover for back extension; common cause of low back pain.

A

Erector Spine

63
Q

Muscles form part of the posterior abdominal wall; lateral bending and back extension.

A

Quadratus Lumborum

64
Q

Medially rotates arm (internal rotation).

A

Supraspinatus

65
Q

Laterally rotates arm (external rotation).

A

Infraspinatus

66
Q

Abducts arm

A

Teres Minor

67
Q

Laterally rotates and abducts arm.

A

Subscapularis

68
Q

Condition where the connective tissues between your muscles and bone (tendons) become inflammed due to overuse and repetitive activities.

A

Tendinitis

69
Q

Painfull swelling of a small, fluid-filled padding called “bursa”; usually fo7nd on areas where bone rubs to muscle due to injury or overuse.

70
Q

Injury to auscle or tendon where it is overstretched or torn.

A

Muscle/Tendon Strain or Tear

71
Q

Compression or pinching of rotator cuff muscles.

A

Shoulder Impingement

72
Q

Powerful prime mover of elbow flexion and forearm supination.

A

Biceps Brachii

73
Q

Elbow flexion when forearm is pronated.

A

Brachialis

74
Q

Only posterior muscle on humerus; elbow extension.

A

Triceps Brachii

75
Q

Flexion of WHF, adduction of wrist.

A

Anterior Forearm

76
Q

Extension of WHF, Abduction of wrist.

A

Posterior Forearm

77
Q

Superficial muscle of the hip that forms the buttocks; hip extension.

A

Gluteus Maximus

78
Q

Hip abductor and is important in steadying the pelvis during walking.

A

Gluteus Medius

79
Q

Prime mover of hip flexion; keep the upper body from falling backward when we are standing erect.

80
Q

Medial side of each thigh, adduct or press the thighs together.

A

Adductor Muscles

81
Q

Anterior thigh; primary mover of knee extension.

A

Quadriceps group

82
Q

Thin and strap-like; tailor’s muscle, weak thigh flexor.

83
Q

Posterior thigh; primary mover or knee flexion.

A

Hamstring group

84
Q

Supetficial muscle on the anterior leg, dorsiflexion and inversion of foot.

A

Tibialis Anterior

85
Q

Laterql to the tibialis anterior; prime mover or toe extension.

A

Extensor Digitorum Longus

86
Q

Lateral part of leg; plantar flexes and everts the foot.

A

Fibularis muscles

87
Q

Forms the curved calf of tge posterior leg ; prime mover of plantar flexion of the foot.

A

Gastrocnemius

88
Q

Attachment to heel of foot.

A

Achilles Tendon

89
Q

Deep to the gastrocnemius; strong plantar flexor.

90
Q

Continuous, involuntary, painful, and localize contraction of an entire muscle group, single muscle or selected muscle fibers.

A

Muscle Cramps

Anaphy Class (7 decks)

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