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Anaphy Class > Central Nervous System > Flashcards

Central Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

2 Divisions of Cranial Nervous System:

A

Brain and Spinal Cord

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2
Q

Major communication link between the brain and the PNS inferior to the brain.

A

Spinal Cord

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3
Q

How many pairs does a spinal cords have?

A

31

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4
Q

Upper limb supply

A

Cervical Enlargement

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5
Q

Lower limbs supply

A

Lumbosacral enlargement

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6
Q

Cone-like regipns where the SC tapers.

A

Conus Medullaris

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7
Q

Lumbar and Sacral Nerve roots.

A

Cauda Equina

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8
Q

Fibrous strand at the end of the conus medularis.

A

Filum Terminale

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9
Q

(Cross Section of the Spinal Cord)
Contains myelinated axons (which form nerve tracts).

A

White Matter

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10
Q

(Cross Section of the Spinal Cord)
Contains neuron cell bodies, dendrites, and axons.

A

Gray Matter

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11
Q

A collection of axons inside the CNS.

A

Tract

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12
Q

A collection of axons outside the CNS.

A

Nerve

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13
Q

(Cross Section of the Spinal Cord)
Contains axons of sensory neurons.

A

Dorsal Roots

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14
Q

Contains sensory neuron cell bodies.

A

Dorsal Root Ganglion

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15
Q

(Cross Section of the Spinal Cord)
Contains axons of motor neurons; motor cell bodies are located in gray matter.

A

Ventral Root

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16
Q

(Cross Section of the Spinal Cord)
Deep cleft partially separating posterior half of the cord.

A

Posterior Median Sulcus

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17
Q

(Cross Section of the Spinal Cord)
Seperates the anterior half of the chord.

A

Anterior Median Fissure

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18
Q

Gray matter is organized into Horns.

A

Dorsal, Ventral, and Lateral Horn

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19
Q

Space-filled with cerobrospinal fluid.

A

Central Canal

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20
Q

3 Divisions of White Matter:

A

Dorsal Volumn
Ventral Column
Lateral Column

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21
Q

Ascending tracts carrying sensory fluid into the brain.

A

Dorsal Column

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22
Q

Ascending & Descending tracts carrying sensory input & motor output.

A

Ventral Column

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23
Q

Descending tracts carrying motor output.

A

Lateral Column

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24
Q

Damaged to the spinal cord either from trauma (most common), loss of its normal blood supply, or compression from tumor or infection.

A

Spinal Cord Injury

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25
Largest and most complex mass of nervous tissue in the body.
Brain
26
Four Major Regions of The Brain:
1. Cerebral Hemispheres 2. Diencephalon 3. Brain Stem 4. Cerebellum
27
Collectively known as "cerebellum"; most superior and largest part of the brain.
Cerebral Hemispheres
28
Elevated ridges of tissue.
Gyrus/Gyri
29
Shallow grooves separating the gyri.
Sulcus/Sulci
30
Deep grooves separating large regions of the brain into lobes.
Fissure/s
31
Lobes of the Brain:
1. Frontal Lobe 2. Parietal Lobe 3. Occipital Lobe 4. Temporal Lobe
32
Intellectual reasoning and behavior; judgement, problem solving, speech and language comprehension.
Frontal Lobe
33
Primary sensory and Motor area. (ex: reflexes, general sensation, proprioception, initiation of movement, and language formation).
Parietal Lobe
34
Primary auditory and olfactory area; process and understand sounds and smells.
Temporal Lobe
35
Storage of memory; facial recognition.
Hippocampus
36
Primary Visual area
Occipital Lobe
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Interbrain; sits on top of the brain stem and is enclosed by the cerebral hemispheres.
Diencephalon
38
3 Major structures of Diencephalon:
1. Thalamus 2. Hypothalamus 3. Epithalamus
39
Relay situation for memory impulsespassing upward to the sensory cortex.
Thalamus
40
Regulating body temperature, water balance, and metabolism.
Hypothalamus
41
(Hypothalamus) Center for many drives and emotions.
Limbic System
42
Contains the pineal gland--produces and regulates some hormones , including the sleep hormone (melatonin).
Epithalamus
43
A large bundle of myelinated nerve fibers that connect the two brain hemispheres permitting communication between the right and left sides of the brain.
Corpus Callosum
44
The roots of the cranial nerves 3-12 arises from the____?
Brain Stem
45
3 Structures of the Brain Stem:
1. Midbrain 2. Pons 3. Medulla Oblongata
46
Visual and auditory reflex centers; subcortucal motor centers, CN 3-4.
Midbrain
47
Relay information from cerebrum to cerebellum; CN5-7.
Pons
48
Controls heart rate, blood vessel diameter, respiratory rate, vomiting, CN 8-12.
Medulla Oblongata
49
Large, cauliflower-like structure projecting under the occipital lobe of the cerebrum.
Cerebellum
50
Functions of Cerebellum:
1. COORDINATION of muscle movements . 2. TONE or contraction force of muscles. 3. BALANCE / EQUILIBRIUM
51
3 connective tissue membranes covering and protecting the CNS structures.
Meninges
52
(Meninges) Outermost layer that continuous up to the spinal cord.
Dura Mater
53
(Meninges) Middle Layer.
Arachnoid Mater
54
(Meninges) Innermost covering of the brain and spinal cord.
Pia Mater
55
An inflammation of the meninges whisch is a serious threat to the brain due to the bacteria or viral infection.
Meningitis
56
Clear fluid that sorround the brain and spinal cord.
Cerebrospinal Fluid
57
Where does the Cerebrospinal fluid stored?
Stored inside the ventricles.
58
Abnormal buuld up of fluid in the ventricles deep within the brain.
Hydrocephalus
59
2 Pathways of the Physiology of the brain:
1. Ascending (Sensory) Pathways 2. Descending (Motor) Pathways
60
Sensory pathways that transmit sensory information to the brain via action potentials.
Ascending Pathways
61
(Ascending Pathways) Pain, temperature, light touch, tickle, itch and pressure (contralateral).
Anterolateral System
62
(Ascending Pathways) Proprioception, two-point discrimination, pressure, vibration (contralateral).
Dorsal-column system
63
(Ascending Pathways) Proprioception (ipsilateral).
Spinocerebellar tract
64
Motor Pathways that carry action potentials from regions of the cerebrum or cerebellum to the brainstem or spinal cord.
Descending Pathways
65
(Descending Pathways) Conscious, skilled movements (contralateral).
Direct Pathway/ Pyramidal System
66
(Descending Pathways) Unconscious movements (contralateral except for posture, ipsilateral).
Indirect Pathway/ Extrapyramidal System
67
Also knwon as "stroke"; when blood flow to a part of a brain is stop either due to a blockage or rupture of a blood vessel.
Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)
68
How to spot a STROKE?
Use the BEFAST Method.
69
BEFAST stands for?
Balance Loss Eyesight Changes Face Dropping Arm weakness Speech Difficulty Time to call 911

Anaphy Class (7 decks)

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