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Anaphy Class > Central Nervous System > Flashcards

Central Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

2 Divisions of Cranial Nervous System:

A

Brain and Spinal Cord

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2
Q

Major communication link between the brain and the PNS inferior to the brain.

A

Spinal Cord

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3
Q

How many pairs does a spinal cords have?

A

31

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4
Q

Upper limb supply

A

Cervical Enlargement

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5
Q

Lower limbs supply

A

Lumbosacral enlargement

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6
Q

Cone-like regipns where the SC tapers.

A

Conus Medullaris

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7
Q

Lumbar and Sacral Nerve roots.

A

Cauda Equina

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8
Q

Fibrous strand at the end of the conus medularis.

A

Filum Terminale

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9
Q

(Cross Section of the Spinal Cord)
Contains myelinated axons (which form nerve tracts).

A

White Matter

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10
Q

(Cross Section of the Spinal Cord)
Contains neuron cell bodies, dendrites, and axons.

A

Gray Matter

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11
Q

A collection of axons inside the CNS.

A

Tract

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12
Q

A collection of axons outside the CNS.

A

Nerve

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13
Q

(Cross Section of the Spinal Cord)
Contains axons of sensory neurons.

A

Dorsal Roots

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14
Q

Contains sensory neuron cell bodies.

A

Dorsal Root Ganglion

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15
Q

(Cross Section of the Spinal Cord)
Contains axons of motor neurons; motor cell bodies are located in gray matter.

A

Ventral Root

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16
Q

(Cross Section of the Spinal Cord)
Deep cleft partially separating posterior half of the cord.

A

Posterior Median Sulcus

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17
Q

(Cross Section of the Spinal Cord)
Seperates the anterior half of the chord.

A

Anterior Median Fissure

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18
Q

Gray matter is organized into Horns.

A

Dorsal, Ventral, and Lateral Horn

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19
Q

Space-filled with cerobrospinal fluid.

A

Central Canal

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20
Q

3 Divisions of White Matter:

A

Dorsal Volumn
Ventral Column
Lateral Column

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21
Q

Ascending tracts carrying sensory fluid into the brain.

A

Dorsal Column

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22
Q

Ascending & Descending tracts carrying sensory input & motor output.

A

Ventral Column

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23
Q

Descending tracts carrying motor output.

A

Lateral Column

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24
Q

Damaged to the spinal cord either from trauma (most common), loss of its normal blood supply, or compression from tumor or infection.

A

Spinal Cord Injury

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25
Q

Largest and most complex mass of nervous tissue in the body.

A

Brain

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26
Q

Four Major Regions of The Brain:

A
  1. Cerebral Hemispheres
  2. Diencephalon
  3. Brain Stem
  4. Cerebellum
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27
Q

Collectively known as “cerebellum”; most superior and largest part of the brain.

A

Cerebral Hemispheres

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28
Q

Elevated ridges of tissue.

A

Gyrus/Gyri

29
Q

Shallow grooves separating the gyri.

A

Sulcus/Sulci

30
Q

Deep grooves separating large regions of the brain into lobes.

A

Fissure/s

31
Q

Lobes of the Brain:

A
  1. Frontal Lobe
  2. Parietal Lobe
  3. Occipital Lobe
  4. Temporal Lobe
32
Q

Intellectual reasoning and behavior; judgement, problem solving, speech and language comprehension.

A

Frontal Lobe

33
Q

Primary sensory and Motor area. (ex: reflexes, general sensation, proprioception, initiation of movement, and language formation).

A

Parietal Lobe

34
Q

Primary auditory and olfactory area; process and understand sounds and smells.

A

Temporal Lobe

35
Q

Storage of memory; facial recognition.

A

Hippocampus

36
Q

Primary Visual area

A

Occipital Lobe

37
Q

Interbrain; sits on top of the brain stem and is enclosed by the cerebral hemispheres.

A

Diencephalon

38
Q

3 Major structures of Diencephalon:

A
  1. Thalamus
  2. Hypothalamus
  3. Epithalamus
39
Q

Relay situation for memory impulsespassing upward to the sensory cortex.

A

Thalamus

40
Q

Regulating body temperature, water balance, and metabolism.

A

Hypothalamus

41
Q

(Hypothalamus)
Center for many drives and emotions.

A

Limbic System

42
Q

Contains the pineal gland–produces and regulates some hormones , including the sleep hormone (melatonin).

A

Epithalamus

43
Q

A large bundle of myelinated nerve fibers that connect the two brain hemispheres permitting communication between the right and left sides of the brain.

A

Corpus Callosum

44
Q

The roots of the cranial nerves 3-12 arises from the____?

A

Brain Stem

45
Q

3 Structures of the Brain Stem:

A
  1. Midbrain
  2. Pons
  3. Medulla Oblongata
46
Q

Visual and auditory reflex centers; subcortucal motor centers, CN 3-4.

A

Midbrain

47
Q

Relay information from cerebrum to cerebellum; CN5-7.

A

Pons

48
Q

Controls heart rate, blood vessel diameter, respiratory rate, vomiting, CN 8-12.

A

Medulla Oblongata

49
Q

Large, cauliflower-like structure projecting under the occipital lobe of the cerebrum.

A

Cerebellum

50
Q

Functions of Cerebellum:

A
  1. COORDINATION of muscle movements .
  2. TONE or contraction force of muscles.
  3. BALANCE / EQUILIBRIUM
51
Q

3 connective tissue membranes covering and protecting the CNS structures.

A

Meninges

52
Q

(Meninges)
Outermost layer that continuous up to the spinal cord.

A

Dura Mater

53
Q

(Meninges)
Middle Layer.

A

Arachnoid Mater

54
Q

(Meninges)
Innermost covering of the brain and spinal cord.

A

Pia Mater

55
Q

An inflammation of the meninges whisch is a serious threat to the brain due to the bacteria or viral infection.

A

Meningitis

56
Q

Clear fluid that sorround the brain and spinal cord.

A

Cerebrospinal Fluid

57
Q

Where does the Cerebrospinal fluid stored?

A

Stored inside the ventricles.

58
Q

Abnormal buuld up of fluid in the ventricles deep within the brain.

A

Hydrocephalus

59
Q

2 Pathways of the Physiology of the brain:

A
  1. Ascending (Sensory) Pathways
  2. Descending (Motor) Pathways
60
Q

Sensory pathways that transmit sensory information to the brain via action potentials.

A

Ascending Pathways

61
Q

(Ascending Pathways)
Pain, temperature, light touch, tickle, itch and pressure (contralateral).

A

Anterolateral System

62
Q

(Ascending Pathways)
Proprioception, two-point discrimination, pressure, vibration (contralateral).

A

Dorsal-column system

63
Q

(Ascending Pathways)
Proprioception (ipsilateral).

A

Spinocerebellar tract

64
Q

Motor Pathways that carry action potentials from regions of the cerebrum or cerebellum to the brainstem or spinal cord.

A

Descending Pathways

65
Q

(Descending Pathways)
Conscious, skilled movements (contralateral).

A

Direct Pathway/ Pyramidal System

66
Q

(Descending Pathways)
Unconscious movements (contralateral except for posture, ipsilateral).

A

Indirect Pathway/ Extrapyramidal System

67
Q

Also knwon as “stroke”; when blood flow to a part of a brain is stop either due to a blockage or rupture of a blood vessel.

A

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)

68
Q

How to spot a STROKE?

A

Use the BEFAST Method.

69
Q

BEFAST stands for?

A

Balance Loss
Eyesight Changes
Face Dropping
Arm weakness
Speech Difficulty
Time to call 911

Anaphy Class (7 decks)

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