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CELL Flashcards

1
Q

It is the basic structural and functional unit of life.

A

Cell

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2
Q

Coined the term “cell”.

A

Robert Hooke

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3
Q

What are the General Functions of the Cell?

A
  1. Cell metabolism and energy use
  2. Synthesis of molecules
  3. Co.munication
  4. Reproduction and Inheritance
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4
Q

What are the Main Regions of the Cell?

A

Nucleus, Plasma Membrane, and Cytoplasm

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5
Q

It is the control center of the cell.

A

Nucleus

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6
Q

A blueprint that contains genes.

A

DNA

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7
Q

It is inside the nucleus; also known as the Nuclear Boundary.

A

Nuclear Envelope

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8
Q

Small, dark stain.

A

Nucleolus

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9
Q

Loose network of beads on a string that is scattered throughout the nucleus.

A

Chromatin

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10
Q

Boundary of the entire cell, encloses the cell.

A

Plasma Membrane

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11
Q

Whatthe model of plasma membrane that impermeability to most-soluble molecules.

A

The Fluid Mosaic Model

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12
Q

The gate of the cell.

A

Glycoprotein

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13
Q

What are the Cell Membrane Junction?

A
  1. Tight Junctions
  2. Desmosomes
  3. Gap Junctions
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14
Q

Impermeable juctions that encircle the cells and bind them together into leakproof sheets.

A

Tight Junction

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15
Q

Anchoring junctions forming an internal system of strong “wires” that prevent cells subjected to stress from being pulled apart.

A

Desmosomes

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16
Q

Function mainly to allow communication (communcating junctions).

A

Gap Junctions

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17
Q

Hollow cylinders composed of proteins connectong neighboring cells.

A

Connexons

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18
Q

The cellular material oitside the nucleus but inside the plasma membrane.

A

Cytoplasm

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19
Q

It is semitransparent.

A

Cytosol

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20
Q

Chemical fluid that suspends other nutrients or cell products floating in the cytosol elements.

A

Inclusions

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21
Q

Specialized cellular compartment that are the metabolic machinery of the cell.

A

Organelles

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22
Q

Powerhouse of the cell; major site for ATP synthesis or production.

A

Mitochondria

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23
Q

It is a system of fluid-filled tunnels (canals) that coil and twist through the cytoplasm.

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

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24
Q

Types of Endoplasmic Reticulum:

A

Rough ER and Smooth ER

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25
It is membranous tubules and flattened sacs with attached ribosomes.
Rough ER
26
Are actual sites of protein synthesis in the cell; creates protein.
Ribosomes
27
No attached ribosomes; manufacture lipids and carbohydrates; detoxifies harmful chemicals; stores calcium.
Smooth ER
28
Flattened membrane sacs stacked on each other; Modifies, packages, and distributes proteins and lipids for secretion.
Golgi Apparatus
29
Membrane-bound vesicle pinched off from th3 Golgi apparatus; contains digestive enzymes.
Lysosomes
30
Membranous vesicles of oxidase and catalase enzymes; serves as one site of lipids, breaksdown hydrogen.
Peroxisomes
31
Tubelike protein complexes in the cytoplasm; Breakdown proteins in the cytoplasm.
Proteasomes
32
An elaborate network of protein structures extending throughout the cytoplasm.
Cytoskeleton
33
Fine filaments composed of the protein actin.
Microfilaments
34
Strong, stable, rope-like and made up of fibrous subunits.
Microtubules
35
Paired Cylindrical bodies, each composed of nine triplets of microtubules; Needed for cell division to form bases of flagella and cilia.
Centrioles
36
What are the Cell Extensions?
Cilia and Flagella, Microvilli
37
Extensions of the plasma membrane cotaining of doublets parallel microtubules.
Cilia and Flagella
38
Extensions of the plasma membrane cotaining Microfilaments.
Microvilli
39
A homogenous mixture of two or more components.
Solution
40
Substance present in largest amount in a solution.
Solvent
41
Components or substances present in smaller amount in a solution
Solute
42
Intracellular fluid
Solution
43
Nucleoplasm and Cytosol
Solvent
44
Nutrients (amino acids, sugars, fatty acids, vitamins)
Solute
45
The barriers allows substances to pass through it while excluding others.
Selective Permeability
46
What arw the Membrane Transport?
Passive Processes (diffusion, osmosis) and Active Processes
47
Process by which molecules and ions move from a more concentrated to a less concentrated area.
Diffusion
48
Gradual change in the concentration of solutesin a solution as a function of distance through a solution.
Concentration Gradient
49
Unassisted diffusion of solutes through the plasma membrane.
Simple Diffusion
50
Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane (plasma membrane).
Osmosis
51
Diffusion through a channel protein; mostly ions; selected on basis of siza and charge.
Facilitated diffusion
52
Pushes solute-containind fluid (filtrate) from the higher pressure area through the filter of lower pressure area.
Pressure Gradient
53
Process by which water and solutes are forced through a membrane (or capillary wall) by fluid or hydrostatic pressure.
Filtration
54
Types of Active Membrane Transport:
Active Transport, Secondary Active Transport, Vesicular Transport
55
"Solute pumping" mediated transport process that requires energy provided by ATP.
Active Transport
56
Involves the active transport of an ion, such as Na, out of a cell, establishing a concentration gradient, with a higher concentration.
Secondary Active Transport
57
Movements of larger volumes of substances across the plasma membrane through the formation of release of vesicles, membrane bound sacs, in the cytoplasm.
Vesicular Transport
58
2 types of Vesicular Transport:
Endocytosis and Exocytosis
59
"Cell eating"
Phagocytosis
60
"Cell drinking"
Pinocytosis
61
Plasma membrane may contain specific receptor molecules that recognize certain substances and allow them to be transported into tha cell by phagocytosis or pinocytosis.
Receptor-mediated endocytes
62
Series of change of a cell goes through from the time it is formed until it divides.
Cell Life Cycle
63
2 Major Periods;
Interphase and Mitosis
64
The cell grows and carries on its usual metabolic activities.
Interphase
65
The 3 sub-phases:
G1 phase(1st gap phase) -normal S phase(synthesis phase)- DNA is replicated G2 phase(2nd Gap phase)- cell prepare for cell division.
66
It is an important event preceding cell.
DNA Replication
67
The process of dividing a nucleus into two daughter nucleu with exactly the same genes as the mother.
Mitosis
68
Phases of Mitosis:
1. Prophase 2. Metaphase 3. Anaphase 4. Telophase
69
The first phase of mitosis during which the chromosomes gradually becomes visible; nucleus prepares to divide.
Prophase
70
The chromosomes align in the center of the cell in association with the spindle fibers.
Metaphase
71
Chromatids separate, and each chromatid is then referred to as a chromosomes.
Anaphase
72
Chromosomes is complete; nuclear envelope; nuclear form, and cytokenisis; Cleavage furrow.
Telophase
73
The division of the cell's cytoplasm to produce...
Cytokenisis
74
Programmed cell death; developing fetus: removes extra tissues; Adults: eliminates excess cells.
Apoptosis

Anaphy Class (7 decks)

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