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Anaphy Class > CELL > Flashcards

CELL Flashcards

1
Q

It is the basic structural and functional unit of life.

A

Cell

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2
Q

Coined the term “cell”.

A

Robert Hooke

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3
Q

What are the General Functions of the Cell?

A
  1. Cell metabolism and energy use
  2. Synthesis of molecules
  3. Co.munication
  4. Reproduction and Inheritance
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4
Q

What are the Main Regions of the Cell?

A

Nucleus, Plasma Membrane, and Cytoplasm

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5
Q

It is the control center of the cell.

A

Nucleus

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6
Q

A blueprint that contains genes.

A

DNA

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7
Q

It is inside the nucleus; also known as the Nuclear Boundary.

A

Nuclear Envelope

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8
Q

Small, dark stain.

A

Nucleolus

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9
Q

Loose network of beads on a string that is scattered throughout the nucleus.

A

Chromatin

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10
Q

Boundary of the entire cell, encloses the cell.

A

Plasma Membrane

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11
Q

Whatthe model of plasma membrane that impermeability to most-soluble molecules.

A

The Fluid Mosaic Model

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12
Q

The gate of the cell.

A

Glycoprotein

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13
Q

What are the Cell Membrane Junction?

A
  1. Tight Junctions
  2. Desmosomes
  3. Gap Junctions
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14
Q

Impermeable juctions that encircle the cells and bind them together into leakproof sheets.

A

Tight Junction

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15
Q

Anchoring junctions forming an internal system of strong “wires” that prevent cells subjected to stress from being pulled apart.

A

Desmosomes

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16
Q

Function mainly to allow communication (communcating junctions).

A

Gap Junctions

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17
Q

Hollow cylinders composed of proteins connectong neighboring cells.

A

Connexons

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18
Q

The cellular material oitside the nucleus but inside the plasma membrane.

A

Cytoplasm

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19
Q

It is semitransparent.

A

Cytosol

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20
Q

Chemical fluid that suspends other nutrients or cell products floating in the cytosol elements.

A

Inclusions

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21
Q

Specialized cellular compartment that are the metabolic machinery of the cell.

A

Organelles

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22
Q

Powerhouse of the cell; major site for ATP synthesis or production.

A

Mitochondria

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23
Q

It is a system of fluid-filled tunnels (canals) that coil and twist through the cytoplasm.

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

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24
Q

Types of Endoplasmic Reticulum:

A

Rough ER and Smooth ER

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25
Q

It is membranous tubules and flattened sacs with attached ribosomes.

A

Rough ER

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26
Q

Are actual sites of protein synthesis in the cell; creates protein.

A

Ribosomes

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27
Q

No attached ribosomes; manufacture lipids and carbohydrates; detoxifies harmful chemicals; stores calcium.

A

Smooth ER

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28
Q

Flattened membrane sacs stacked on each other; Modifies, packages, and distributes proteins and lipids for secretion.

A

Golgi Apparatus

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29
Q

Membrane-bound vesicle pinched off from th3 Golgi apparatus; contains digestive enzymes.

A

Lysosomes

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30
Q

Membranous vesicles of oxidase and catalase enzymes; serves as one site of lipids, breaksdown hydrogen.

A

Peroxisomes

31
Q

Tubelike protein complexes in the cytoplasm; Breakdown proteins in the cytoplasm.

A

Proteasomes

32
Q

An elaborate network of protein structures extending throughout the cytoplasm.

A

Cytoskeleton

33
Q

Fine filaments composed of the protein actin.

A

Microfilaments

34
Q

Strong, stable, rope-like and made up of fibrous subunits.

A

Microtubules

35
Q

Paired Cylindrical bodies, each composed of nine triplets of microtubules; Needed for cell division to form bases of flagella and cilia.

A

Centrioles

36
Q

What are the Cell Extensions?

A

Cilia and Flagella, Microvilli

37
Q

Extensions of the plasma membrane cotaining of doublets parallel microtubules.

A

Cilia and Flagella

38
Q

Extensions of the plasma membrane cotaining Microfilaments.

A

Microvilli

39
Q

A homogenous mixture of two or more components.

A

Solution

40
Q

Substance present in largest amount in a solution.

A

Solvent

41
Q

Components or substances present in smaller amount in a solution

A

Solute

42
Q

Intracellular fluid

A

Solution

43
Q

Nucleoplasm and Cytosol

A

Solvent

44
Q

Nutrients (amino acids, sugars, fatty acids, vitamins)

A

Solute

45
Q

The barriers allows substances to pass through it while excluding others.

A

Selective Permeability

46
Q

What arw the Membrane Transport?

A

Passive Processes (diffusion, osmosis) and Active Processes

47
Q

Process by which molecules and ions move from a more concentrated to a less concentrated area.

A

Diffusion

48
Q

Gradual change in the concentration of solutesin a solution as a function of distance through a solution.

A

Concentration Gradient

49
Q

Unassisted diffusion of solutes through the plasma membrane.

A

Simple Diffusion

50
Q

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane (plasma membrane).

A

Osmosis

51
Q

Diffusion through a channel protein; mostly ions; selected on basis of siza and charge.

A

Facilitated diffusion

52
Q

Pushes solute-containind fluid (filtrate) from the higher pressure area through the filter of lower pressure area.

A

Pressure Gradient

53
Q

Process by which water and solutes are forced through a membrane (or capillary wall) by fluid or hydrostatic pressure.

A

Filtration

54
Q

Types of Active Membrane Transport:

A

Active Transport, Secondary Active Transport, Vesicular Transport

55
Q

“Solute pumping” mediated transport process that requires energy provided by ATP.

A

Active Transport

56
Q

Involves the active transport of an ion, such as Na, out of a cell, establishing a concentration gradient, with a higher concentration.

A

Secondary Active Transport

57
Q

Movements of larger volumes of substances across the plasma membrane through the formation of release of vesicles, membrane bound sacs, in the cytoplasm.

A

Vesicular Transport

58
Q

2 types of Vesicular Transport:

A

Endocytosis and Exocytosis

59
Q

“Cell eating”

A

Phagocytosis

60
Q

“Cell drinking”

A

Pinocytosis

61
Q

Plasma membrane may contain specific receptor molecules that recognize certain substances and allow them to be transported into tha cell by phagocytosis or pinocytosis.

A

Receptor-mediated endocytes

62
Q

Series of change of a cell goes through from the time it is formed until it divides.

A

Cell Life Cycle

63
Q

2 Major Periods;

A

Interphase and Mitosis

64
Q

The cell grows and carries on its usual metabolic activities.

A

Interphase

65
Q

The 3 sub-phases:

A

G1 phase(1st gap phase) -normal
S phase(synthesis phase)- DNA is replicated
G2 phase(2nd Gap phase)- cell prepare for cell division.

66
Q

It is an important event preceding cell.

A

DNA Replication

67
Q

The process of dividing a nucleus into two daughter nucleu with exactly the same genes as the mother.

A

Mitosis

68
Q

Phases of Mitosis:

A
  1. Prophase
  2. Metaphase
  3. Anaphase
  4. Telophase
69
Q

The first phase of mitosis during which the chromosomes gradually becomes visible; nucleus prepares to divide.

A

Prophase

70
Q

The chromosomes align in the center of the cell in association with the spindle fibers.

A

Metaphase

71
Q

Chromatids separate, and each chromatid is then referred to as a chromosomes.

A

Anaphase

72
Q

Chromosomes is complete; nuclear envelope; nuclear form, and cytokenisis; Cleavage furrow.

A

Telophase

73
Q

The division of the cell’s cytoplasm to produce…

A

Cytokenisis

74
Q

Programmed cell death; developing fetus: removes extra tissues; Adults: eliminates excess cells.

A

Apoptosis

Anaphy Class (7 decks)

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