Skeletal system Flashcards
What are the parts of the skeletal system?
Bones (skeleton)
Joints
Cartilages
Ligaments
What are the divisions of the skeletal system?
- Axial skeleton (skull, ribs and vertebra)
- Appendicular skeleton (pelvis, extremities)
What are the functions of bones?
Support of the body
Protection of soft organs
Movement due to attached skeletal muscles
Storage of minerals and fats
Blood cell formation
Basic types of bone tissue
Compact bone
Spongy bone
Classification of bones
Long bones
Short bones
Flat bones
Irregular bones
Cross anatomy of a long bone
Diaphysis:
Definition: Shaft of the long bone.
Composition: Composed of compact bone.
Epiphysis:
Definition: The ends of the bone.
Composition: Composed mostly of spongy bone.
Structure of a long bone
Articular cartilage
Medullary cavity
Steps of bone growth
- Cartilage “model” of bone forms; this model continues to grow as ossification takes place.
- Ossification begins at a primary ossification centre in the middle of the bone.
- Ossification then starts to occur at secondary ossification centres at the ends of the bone.
- The medullary cavity forms and will contain red bone marrow.
- Areas of ossification meet at epiphyseal plates and articular cartilage forms. Bone growth ends.
Types of bone cells
- Osteocytes
- Osteoblasts
- Osteoclasts
Types of marrow
Yellow bone marrow and red bone marrow
Bone components
Bone is mostly made of protein and minerals
The protein collagen and the mineral calcium are particularly important and make up most of our bodies
Collagen protein creates a network of crisscrossed fibers which give bones flexibility
Calcium on the other hand covers and fills in the network of collagen fibres and give bones their strength
What are the three different types of bone muscle tissue?
Skeletal muscle
Smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle
What are facial bones?
Facial bones
Mandible- lower jaw bone
Maxillary bones (maxillae) fuse together to form the upper jaw
