skeletal system Flashcards
name three functions the skeleton has?
support/shape
protection
movement
why is support and shape important?
supports soft tissues
posture which is essential in most sports
why is protection important?
protect vital organs eg heart lungs and brain
wont get serious injury
why is movement important?
muscles are attached by tendons so we can move which is important so we can perform
name the four types of bone?
long bone
short bone
flat bone
irregular bone
what is long bone?
strong
used my muscles to assist movement
what are short bones?
support weight (weight-bearing)
what are flat bones?
protect internal organs
allows muscle attachment
what are irregular bones?
protection and muscle attachment
name three examples of long bones and where they are?
Femur- the whole leg (running)
humerus- the whole arm (swinging a racket)
fibula, tibia- lower leg (kick a football)
name two short bones and where they are located?
Carples- wrist to give stability
Tarsals- bear bodies weight while on foot
name two flat bones and where they are located?
cranium- protects the brain
pelvis- protects reproductive organs and bladder
name one irregular bone and where it is located?
vertebral column- protects the spinal cord
name the five regions of the vertebral column and the number in each?
cervical - 7
thoracic - 12
lumbar - 5
sacrum - 5
coccyx - 4
what is flexion and extension?
flexion is bending the knee (closing a joint)
extension is straightening the knee (opening a joint) (kicking a football)
what is adduction and abduction?
adduction moving towards the centre line of your body
abduction is moving away from the centre line of your body
what is rotation and circumduction?
rotation is a clockwise or anticlockwise movement eg a turn
circumduction is circular motion eg bowling a cricket ball
what is plantar-flexion and dorsi-flexion?
plantar-flexion is extenion at the ankle (pointing toes)
dorsi-flexion is flexion at the ankle (lifting toes)
what are the four pairs of joint movement?
flexion - extension
adduction - abduction
rotation - circumduction
plantar-flexion - dorsi-flexion
name four types of joints?
ball and socket
pivot
hinge
condyloid joints
what is and example of the ball and socket joint and its joint movement?
hip and shoulder
all types of joint movement
what is and example of the hinge joint and its joint movement?
knee, ankle and elbow
flexion and extension
what is and example of the pivot joint and its joint movement?
neck
rotation
what is and example of the condyloid joint and its joint movement?
wrist
flexion and extension
adduction and abduction
circumduction
name three types of connective tissues?
cartilage
ligaments
tendons
what is cartillage?
cushions between bones to prevent damage
what are ligaments?
holds bones together to maintain stability (movement)
tough tissues (strong-string)
what are tendons?
attach muscle to bone and allow bone to move
