short term and long term effects on exercise Flashcards
names some short terms effects on the muscular system
muscles produces lactic acid
muscle fatigue
what is oxygen debt
the amount of oxygen you need
name some short term effects on the respiratory
breathing increase (depth and rate)
more oxygen in taken in
name some short term effects on the cardiovascular systems
heart rate and stroke volume increase which increases our cardiac output this remains high until oxygen debt is paid off
what does heart rate mean
number of times your heart beats per minute
what does stroke volume mean
amount of blood each ventricle pumps with each contraction
what is the equation of cardiac output
cardiac output = heart rate x stroke volume
what is vascular shunting
when blood is redistributed around the body to increase the supply of oxygen to your muscles
why do your arteries widen when exercising
stop your blood pressure getting to high
what is the process of sweating
muscles work generate heat which warms your blood
blood moves closer to your skin
heat can escape through radiation
start to sweat
name some short term effects on respiratory systems
more oxygen is delivered
extra carbon dioxide is breathed out
why is more O2 delivered
breathing rate and depth increases more oxygen is delivered to the alveoli
cardiac output is also increases blood passes through the lungs at a faster rate
why is more CO2 removed
increased cardiac output blood can transport carbon dioxide from the muscles t the lungs
name some long term effects of the muscular/skeletal system
muscle hypertrophy
increased bone density
stronger ligaments & tendons
what is muscular hypertrophy
doing regular exercise will make your muscles thicker (thicker muscle the more strongly it can contract)
also improves muscular endurance
what is increased bone density
denser your bones stronger they are
strengthen bone
less likely to break or fracture
what happens if you have stronger ligaments & tendons
less likely to injure yourself eg. dislocation
how can long term effects improve cardio/reparatory systems
bigger stronger heart
larger lung capacity
lower blood pressure
more capillaries in the muscles
more red blood cells
how does exercise improve your heart
adapts and gets bigger and stronger
stronger blood will pump out
resting stroke volume and maximum cardiac output will increase
larger stroke volume means your heart has to beat less often
how does exercise improve larger lung capacity
diaphragm gets stronger so you can have a larger chest cavity
alveoli increases
lung capacity increases more air vital capacity increases
how does exercise improve lower blood pressure
veins and arteries get bigger muscular walls become more elastic so blood pressure falls
how does exercise improve more capillaries in the muscles
increases the blood supply to the muscles receive more oxygen
how does exercise improve more red blood cells
so the blood can carry more oxygen
