Skeletal System

Question 1

Function of the skeletal system:

Answer 1

• supports the body
• facilitates movement
• protects internal organs
• produces blood cells
• stores and releases minerals and fat

Question 2

What is the most apparent function of the skeletal system:

Answer 2

The gross functions

Question 3

Mineral Storage, Energy Storage, and Hematopoiesis

Answer 3

yellow marrow contains adipose tissue; the triglycerides stored in the adipocytes of the tissue can serve as a source of energy

Question 4

Bone matrix function:

Answer 4

Acts as a reservoir for a number of minerals important to the functioning of the body, especially calcium, and phosphorus

Question 5

What ion is essential for muscle contractions and controlling the flow of other ions involved in the transmission of nerve impulses.

Answer 5

Calcium Ion

Question 6

What ion serves as a site for fat storage and blood cell production:

Answer 6

Calcium Ion

Question 7

What is bone marrow:

Question 8

What are the 2 types of bone marrow:

Answer 8

yellow marrow and red marrow

Question 9

Yellow bone marrow:

Answer 9

Contains adipose tissue; the triglycerides stored in the adipocytes of the tissue can serve as a source of energy

Question 10

Red Bone marrow:

Answer 10

Where hematopoiesis—the production of blood cells—takes place

Question 11

What is hematopoiesis:

Answer 11

Production of blood cells

Question 12

Bone Classifications:

Answer 12

Long Bones
Short Bones
Flat Bones
Irregular Bones
Sesamoid Bones

Question 13

Long Bones Shape, function and location:

Answer 13

Shape: cylindrical in shape
Function: levers; they move when muscles contract.
Location:
- arms (humerus, ulna, radius)
- legs (femur, tibia, fibula)
- fingers (metacarpals, phalanges)
- toes (metatarsals, phalanges)

Question 14

Short Bones Shape, function and location:

Answer 14

Shape: cube-like in shape

Function: provide stability and support as well as some limited motion

Location: carpals of the wrists and the tarsals of the ankles

Question 15

Flat Bones Shape, function and location:

Answer 15

Shape: typically thin, often curved

Function: Points of attachment for muscles and often protect internal organs

Location:
- cranial (skull) bones
- scapulae (shoulder blades)
- sternum (breastbone)
- ribs

Question 16

Irregular Bones Shape, function and location:

Answer 16

Shape: Complex shapes

Function: Protect it from compressive forces

Location: Facial bones, particularly the ones containing sinuses

Question 17

Sesamoid Bones Shape, function and location:

Answer 17

Shape: Small, round bone, shaped like a sesame seed

Function: protect tendons by helping them overcome compressive forces

Location:found in tendons associated with the feet, hands, and knees
- patellae

Question 18

Axial skeleton (80 bones)

Question 19

Appendicular Skeleton (126 bones)

Question 20

Types of Bone Markings:

Answer 20

Articulations
Projections
Hole

Question 21

Articulations

Answer 21

where two bone surfaces come together

surfaces tend to conform to one another

surfaces facilitate the function of the articulation

e.g. knee, hip, elbow, shoulder

Question 22

Projections

Answer 22

Area of a bone that projects above the surface of the bone

attachment points for tendons and ligaments

size and shape is an indication of the forces exerted through the attachment to the bone

e.g. vertebral processes, greater and lesser trochanter

Question 23

Hole

Answer 23

opening or groove in the bone that allows blood vessels and nerves to enter the bone

size and shape reflect the size of the vessels and nerves that penetrate the bone at these points

e.g. foramen magnum, calcaneal sulcus, hypophyseal fossa

Question 24

Pathology of the Skeletal System

Answer 24

Metabolic bone diseases
Infectious diseases
Noninfectious and infectious arthritic diseases
Tumors malignant and benign
Soft tissue disorders
Osteoporosis
Rickets and Osteomalacia
Renal Osteodystrophy
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Osteomyelitis