Nervous System and Nervous Tissue

Question 1

What are the 2 major regions of the Nervous System:

Answer 1

Central nervous system (CNS)

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Question 2

What organs are located in the CNS:

Answer 2

Brain: contained within the cranial cavity of the skull

Spinal cord: Contained within the vertebral cavity of the vertebral column

Question 3

What organs are located in the PNS:

Answer 3

Everything else (ganglia and nerves)
Named because it is on the periphery—meaning beyond the brain and spinal cord

Question 4

What are the two types of cells:

Answer 4

• Neurons
• Glial cells

Question 5

Describe neurons:

Answer 5

Neuron
- Functional units of the nervous system

• Cell body (soma) rich in rough endoplasmic reticulum (Nissl substance)
• Short afferent cell processes (dendrites), responsible for receiving most of the input from other neurons
• Main efferent cell process (the axon), fiber that connects a neuron with its target

Question 6

What is gray matter:

Answer 6

Regions with many cell bodies and dendrites

Question 7

What is white matter:

Answer 7

• The regions with many axons
• White matter is white because axons are insulated by a lipid-rich substance called myelin

Question 8

What are the 2 peripheral Nervous System functions:

Answer 8

• Somatic (voluntary)
• Autonomic (involuntary)

Question 9

Somatic nervous system (SNS)

Answer 9

• voluntary motor responses
• Means the contraction of skeletal muscle

Question 10

Autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Answer 10

• Responsible for involuntary control of the body
• Homeostasis (regulation of the internal environment)

Question 11

What are the divisions of the Nervous System:

Answer 11

Brain (CNS)
Spinal Cord (CNS)
Nerves (PNS)
Ganglia (PNS)
Digestive Tract (ENS)

Question 12

What are the specialized support cells (Glial cells):

Answer 12

Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal cells

Question 13

Neuron responsibility:

Answer 13

Electrical signals that communicate information about sensations, and that produce movements in response to those stimuli, along with inducing thought processes within the brain

Question 14

What is the most important part if the function of the neurons:

Answer 14

Structure
Shape

Question 15

What is the main part of the Neuron:

Answer 15

Cell body, which is also known as the soma which contains the nucleus and most of the major organelles

Question 16

What insulating substance are wrapped around axons:

Answer 16

Myelin produced from glial cells

Question 17

Node of Ranvier:

Answer 17

• Gaps in the myelin covering of an axon
• Important to the way that electrical signals travel down the axon

Question 18

Axon segment:

Answer 18

Length of the axon between each gap

Question 19

Axon terminal:

Answer 19

At the end of the axon
Several branches extending toward the target cell, each of which ends in an enlargement called a synaptic end bulb

Question 20

Synaptic end bulb:

Answer 20

Bulbs are what make the connection with the target cell at the synapse

Question 21

what are other processes of the neuron:

Answer 21

Dendrites, which receive information from other neurons at specialized areas of contact called synapses

Question 22

How does information flow:

Answer 22

Information flows through a neuron from the dendrites, across the cell body, and down the axon.