Levels of Organization of the Human Body Flashcards
Anatomy:
The study of the actual physical organs and their structure as well as their relationship to each other
Physiology:
Studies how those organs work to function the whole body as organ systems
The 6 levels of structural organization:
- Chemical
- Cellular
- Tissue
- Organ
- Organ System
- Organism
What is the chemical level:
The chemical level is the most basic level of structural organization. It consists of atoms (tiny building blocks of matter) and molecules (sugar,water) which also form microscopic cells
What is the Cellular level:
Consists of cells (The smallest unit of living things). Cells vary widely in in shape and size and have their own particular functions in the body
What is the Tissue level:
Groups of similar cells with a common function. There are four basic tissue types (connective tissue, epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue)
What is the Organ level:
A structure composed of at least two different tissue types that perform a specific function within the body.
Ex: brain, stomach, and liver.
What is the Organ System level:
A group of organs that work together as a biological system, accomplish complex functions in the body.
What is the Organism level:
The organism level represents the highest level of structural organization. A living being that has a cellular structure and that can independently perform all physiologic functions necessary for life
What are the 7 anatomic organization
- Atom
- molecule
- Cell
- Tissue
- Organ
- Organ system
- Organism
What are the 11 Organ systems:
- Integumentary System
- Skeletal System
- Muscular System
- Nervous System
- Endocrine System
- Cardiovascular System
- Lymphatic System
- Respiratory System
- Digestive System
- Urinary System
- Reproductive System
Reticuloendothelial System:
The reticuloendothelial system (RES) removes immune complexes from the circulation in healthy persons, and is formed of phagocytic cells that are found in the circulation and in tissues. The RES encompasses monocytes of the blood, macrophages in connective tissue, lymphoid organs, bone marrow, bone, liver, and lung.
Homeostasis
Homeostasis is defined as the maintenance of a dynamic “steady-state” within the body.
Negative feedback Loop:
negative feedback loops that counteract changes of various properties from their target values, known as set points.
Positive Feedback Loop:
Positive feedback loops amplify their initiating stimuli, in other words, they move the system away from its starting state
