Lymphatic & Immune system Flashcards
What is the lymphatic system
The lymphatic system is associated with the immune system to such a degree that the two systems are virtually indistinguishable.
Lymphatic system is the system of vessels, cells, and organs that carries excess fluids to the bloodstream and filters pathogens from the blood
What is the function of the lymphatic system?
Blood hydrostatic pressure
Drain body fluids and return them to the bloodstream
What causes leakage of fluid from the capillaries, resulting in the accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space?
Blood pressure
How much plasma is released into the interstitial space of the tissues each day due to capillary filtration
20 litres
What is lymph?
Term used to describe interstitial fluid once it has entered the lymphatic system
What is the inappropriate accumulation of fluid referred to as?
What can it lead to?
Lymphedema may lead to serious medical consequences
What is the purpose of lymphatic vessels?
Convenient avenues for transporting the cells of the immune system
Transport of dietary lipids and fat-soluble vitamins absorbed in the gut also uses this system
What is a lymph node?
One of the small, bean-shaped organs located throughout the lymphatic system
Where are the most lymph nodes found?
high concentration of lymph in the groin, armpits, and neck
How do lymph vessels begin?
Begin as open-ended capillaries (don’t form a circular route) they feed into larger and larger lymphatic vessels
eventually empty into the bloodstream by a series of ducts
How does lymph travel?
Travels through the lymph nodes, which are commonly found near the groin, armpits, neck, chest, and abdomen
Flow of lymph?
What is the function of the immune system?
Immune system is a collection of barriers, cells, and soluble proteins that interact and communicate with each other in extraordinarily complex ways
Immune function is organized into three phases based on the timing of their effects
What are the 3 immune system protection responses?
Barrier defenses
Innate immune response
Adaptive immune response
What is the barrier defense?
- skin and mucous membranes
- act instantaneously to prevent pathogenic invasion into the body tissues
What is the innate immune response?
rapid but nonspecific
consists of a variety of specialized cells and soluble factors
What is the adaptive immune response?
slower but more specific and effective
involves many cell types and soluble factors
primarily controlled by white blood cells (leukocytes) known as lymphocytes
help control immune responses
What are the different types of WBC and their protective functions?
Natural killer cells: attack to cancer cells, or infected cells
T-cells: respond to antigens/ adaptive immune response
Plasma cells: humoral immunity
B-cells: humoral immunity
What are the cells of the immune system?
phagocytic cells
lymphocytes
cells containing cytoplasmic granules