Skeletal System Flashcards
scaffold against which muscles pull for movement and provides protection for delicate organs; provides support and shape for body; synthesize blood cells, store calcium, phosphate, and lipids
Skeletal System
Contains yellow marrow; most leg and arm bones; has growth plates at ends
Long bones
Marrow that stores lipids
Yellow marrow
found at ends of long bones and in flat bones; produces blood cells
Red bone marrow
square bones of wrist and ankle
short bones
thin and flat, used to protect organs
Flat bones
hip bones; parts of the skull
irregular bones
Places where bones meet other bones
joints
where bones are fused together there are __________ joints.
immoveable
what attaches bones to other bones
ligaments
supports the tongue; only bone in body not connected to other bones
Hyoid bone
Covers articulating surfaces of bones and prevents bones from grinding each other
Hyaline cartilage
moveable joints that contain lubricating synovial fluid
Synovial joints
Moveable joints include :
Pivot
Ball-and-socket
Hinge
tubular structures where bone is synthesized
Osteons
small cave-like spaces inside osteon matrix
Lacunae
Composed of calcium and phosphate rich hydroxyapatite embedded in collagen matrix; functional units of compact bone
Osteons
Osteons are also known as :
Haversian System
these cells live inside the lacunae of osteons
osteocytes
covers bones and contains blood vessels and nerves
periosteum
Break down bone minerals of the matrix; strengthen bones
Multinucleate osteoclasts
Replace cartilage and secrete mineral deposits that form the matrix; nonliving substance; develop into osteocytes
Mononucleate osteoblasts
strengthen bone tissue and carry out metabolic function
Osteocytes
Excessive withdrawal of minerals from bone that cause loss of bone rigidity
Osteoporosis
Damages cartilage that articulates between joints
Arthritis
Results from genetic defect in collagen matrix; bones break easily; gene to code for collagen to form bone matrix missing
Osteogenesis imperfecta (brittle bone disease)
connective tissue that connects bones to muscles
tendons
contracting muscle in a muscle pair
prime mover
relaxing muscle in a muscle pair
antagonist
occurs when the muscle receives a signal to contract from the central nervous system
bone movement
attached to bones and communicate with the central nervous system
Skeletal muscles