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Human Anatomy and Physiology > Gastrointestinal System > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal System Flashcards

1
Q

Enzyme released into the mouth to catalyze the breakdown of starches

A

Salivary Amylase

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2
Q

Enzyme released by the pancreas and introduced in the small intestine that catalyzes the further breakdown of starches

A

Pancreatic Amylase

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3
Q

Enzymes released in the small intestine that further breakdown molecules, disaccharides —> monosaccharides (proteases, lactase)

A

Brush Border Enzymes

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4
Q

Enzyme released in the stomach to begin the breakdown of proteins

A

Pepsin

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5
Q

Pancreatic enzyme released in small intestine that breaks down proteins

A

Trypsin

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6
Q

Pancreatic enzyme released into small intestine that breaks down lipids

A

Lipase

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7
Q

Hormone that induces hunger

A

Ghrelin

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8
Q

Induces the cellular uptake of glucose

A

Insulin

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9
Q

Stimulates the breakdown of stored glycogen

A

Glucagon

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10
Q

Hormone that causes the sensation of satiety (fullness)

A

Leptin

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11
Q

Begins at the mouth and ends at the anus

A

Gastrointestinal System

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12
Q

The first part of the digestive system

A

Mouth

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13
Q

The contraction of muscles in the gastrointestinal system that pushes the bolus through the tract

A

Peristalsis

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14
Q

Part of the small intestine that absorb nutrients

A

Villi and Microvilli

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15
Q

The stomach breaks down food into this substance

A

Chyme

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16
Q

3 secretions of the stomach

A

Pepsinogen
Mucus
Hydrochloric Acid

17
Q

This substance lines the stomach

A

Mucus

18
Q

Secretion that helps break down proteins

A

Pepsinogen

19
Q

Creates an acidic environment in the stomach

A

Hydrochloric Acid

20
Q

Substance that neutralizes acidic chyme

A

Bicarbonate

21
Q

The gallbladder releases this in the duodenum to help neutralize acidic chyme

A

Bile juices (from liver)

22
Q

Produces brush border enzymes

A

Duodenum

23
Q

Allows nutrient-rich blood to enter the liver

A

Hepatic Portal Duct (vein)

24
Q

Liver enzymes complete these 4 tasks in the digestive process:

A
  1. Deaminate (break down amino groups) amino acids
  2. Convert ammonia to urea
  3. Store glucose as glycogen
  4. Metabolize consumed toxins
25
Q

The large intestine is responsible for the following final actions in the digestive tract:

A
  1. Absorb remaining salt and water
  2. Absorb vitamins like K and B, etc.
  3. Fermentation of bacteria
26
Q

Where waste accumulates

A

Rectum

27
Q

Where wastes is released from

A

Anus

Human Anatomy and Physiology (13 decks)

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