Gastrointestinal System Flashcards
Enzyme released into the mouth to catalyze the breakdown of starches
Salivary Amylase
Enzyme released by the pancreas and introduced in the small intestine that catalyzes the further breakdown of starches
Pancreatic Amylase
Enzymes released in the small intestine that further breakdown molecules, disaccharides —> monosaccharides (proteases, lactase)
Brush Border Enzymes
Enzyme released in the stomach to begin the breakdown of proteins
Pepsin
Pancreatic enzyme released in small intestine that breaks down proteins
Trypsin
Pancreatic enzyme released into small intestine that breaks down lipids
Lipase
Hormone that induces hunger
Ghrelin
Induces the cellular uptake of glucose
Insulin
Stimulates the breakdown of stored glycogen
Glucagon
Hormone that causes the sensation of satiety (fullness)
Leptin
Begins at the mouth and ends at the anus
Gastrointestinal System
The first part of the digestive system
Mouth
The contraction of muscles in the gastrointestinal system that pushes the bolus through the tract
Peristalsis
Part of the small intestine that absorb nutrients
Villi and Microvilli
The stomach breaks down food into this substance
Chyme
3 secretions of the stomach
Pepsinogen
Mucus
Hydrochloric Acid
This substance lines the stomach
Mucus
Secretion that helps break down proteins
Pepsinogen
Creates an acidic environment in the stomach
Hydrochloric Acid
Substance that neutralizes acidic chyme
Bicarbonate
The gallbladder releases this in the duodenum to help neutralize acidic chyme
Bile juices (from liver)
Produces brush border enzymes
Duodenum
Allows nutrient-rich blood to enter the liver
Hepatic Portal Duct (vein)
Liver enzymes complete these 4 tasks in the digestive process:
- Deaminate (break down amino groups) amino acids
- Convert ammonia to urea
- Store glucose as glycogen
- Metabolize consumed toxins
The large intestine is responsible for the following final actions in the digestive tract:
- Absorb remaining salt and water
- Absorb vitamins like K and B, etc.
- Fermentation of bacteria
Where waste accumulates
Rectum
Where wastes is released from
Anus
