Immune System Flashcards
Protects the body from disease-causing agents aka pathogens
Immune System
Nonspecific response to pathogens
Innate defense system
Specific response to a given pathogen
Adaptive defense system
What are the 3 lines of defense?
- Skin, mucus, secretions (INNATE)
- Phagocytes, specific proteins, inflammatory response (INNATE)
- Lymphocytes (B/T cells) fight pathogens and retain a memory of specific pathogen (ADAPTIVE)
Function: prevents entry of pathogens through the presence of barriers composed of skin and secretions, e.g. acid, enzymes, salt
Immune System
this occurs when the innate immune system fails to exterminate a pathogen
Adaptive immune system identifies, targets and memorizes pathogen
Pathogens can enter the body through:
Openings of digestive, urinary, or reproductive systems
Injuries
B and T cells reside in the _______________?
Lymph nodes
series of nonspecific barriers (physical, cellular, soluble components) that impede pathogens from entering the body or multiplying
Innate immune system
3 external barriers :
Skin and mucus secretions
Chemical barriers
Cellular barriers (commensal microorganisms)
Chemical barriers include:
Low pH
Salt
Enzymes
When pathogens breach the barriers and enter tissues or blood, this secondary response occurs:
inflammatory response
this hormone is released during inflammatory response resulting in an increase of blood flow and number of white blood cells, as well as phagocytes
Histamines
Organism that is part of inflammatory response which destroy bacteria
phagocytes
released when a virus is introduced to the body
interferons
secondary immune defense that can speed up immune response
Fever
proteins that interfere with the production of new viruses
interferons
cells that attack host cells that harbor intracellular pathogens
Natural Killer (NK) lymphocytes
part of innate immune defense that inhibit bacteria, fungi, and viruses
Antimicrobial peptides
type of pathogen response where an infected cell is destroyed
Cellular response
Type of response where pathogens are destroyed by using antibodies secreted by B cells
Humoral response
signature molecules from pathogens the body uses to remember what it has previously been exposed to
Antigens
2 types of lymphocytes
T cells
B cells
digest pathogens and present the antigen signature to T cells, e.g. macrophages
Antigen-presenting cells (APCs)
2 possible responses based on the antigen presented to T cell
Activation of :
B cell
cytotoxic T cell
searches out and destroys any cell containing pathogen’s antigen signature
cytotoxic T cell
rapidly multiplies into secretory cells called “plasma cells”
B cell
produce large amounts of antibody that bind to antigens
Plasma cell
Clones into memory cells allowing body to remember specific antigens
B cells
When the body produces its own antibodies
Active immunity
When antibodies are passively introduced to the body
Passive Immunity
introduce weakened or dead antigens to elicit immune response (active immunity)
Vaccines
caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Acquired Immune Deficient Syndrome
virus that infects T cells and prevents activation of cytotoxic T cells and B cells preventing the adaptive immune system from operating
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
can target innocuous foreign particles, e.g. pollen; cause body to overproduce huge amounts of antibodies
Overactive immune system
These cells are responsible for releasing histamine
Mast cells
When the immune system mistakenly targets a host molecule as a foreign antigen (attacking own body)
Autoimmune disease
Examples of autoimmune disease
Diabetes I
Rheumatoid arthritis
Multiple sclerosis
transports white blood cells throughout the body
Circulatory System
Produces white blood cells/lymphocytes
Lymphatic System
Other producer of white blood cells
Red bone marrow
First line of defense for the body
Integumentary system
Type of antigen-presenting cell that digests pathogens to share antigen signature as a part of immune response
Dendritic Cells
