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Human Anatomy and Physiology > Immune System > Flashcards

Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

Protects the body from disease-causing agents aka pathogens

A

Immune System

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2
Q

Nonspecific response to pathogens

A

Innate defense system

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3
Q

Specific response to a given pathogen

A

Adaptive defense system

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4
Q

What are the 3 lines of defense?

A
  1. Skin, mucus, secretions (INNATE)
  2. Phagocytes, specific proteins, inflammatory response (INNATE)
  3. Lymphocytes (B/T cells) fight pathogens and retain a memory of specific pathogen (ADAPTIVE)
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5
Q

Function: prevents entry of pathogens through the presence of barriers composed of skin and secretions, e.g. acid, enzymes, salt

A

Immune System

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6
Q

this occurs when the innate immune system fails to exterminate a pathogen

A

Adaptive immune system identifies, targets and memorizes pathogen

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7
Q

Pathogens can enter the body through:

A

Openings of digestive, urinary, or reproductive systems

Injuries

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8
Q

B and T cells reside in the _______________?

A

Lymph nodes

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9
Q

series of nonspecific barriers (physical, cellular, soluble components) that impede pathogens from entering the body or multiplying

A

Innate immune system

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10
Q

3 external barriers :

A

Skin and mucus secretions
Chemical barriers
Cellular barriers (commensal microorganisms)

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11
Q

Chemical barriers include:

A

Low pH
Salt
Enzymes

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12
Q

When pathogens breach the barriers and enter tissues or blood, this secondary response occurs:

A

inflammatory response

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13
Q

this hormone is released during inflammatory response resulting in an increase of blood flow and number of white blood cells, as well as phagocytes

A

Histamines

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14
Q

Organism that is part of inflammatory response which destroy bacteria

A

phagocytes

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15
Q

released when a virus is introduced to the body

A

interferons

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16
Q

secondary immune defense that can speed up immune response

A

Fever

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17
Q

proteins that interfere with the production of new viruses

A

interferons

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18
Q

cells that attack host cells that harbor intracellular pathogens

A

Natural Killer (NK) lymphocytes

19
Q

part of innate immune defense that inhibit bacteria, fungi, and viruses

A

Antimicrobial peptides

20
Q

type of pathogen response where an infected cell is destroyed

A

Cellular response

21
Q

Type of response where pathogens are destroyed by using antibodies secreted by B cells

A

Humoral response

22
Q

signature molecules from pathogens the body uses to remember what it has previously been exposed to

A

Antigens

23
Q

2 types of lymphocytes

A

T cells

B cells

24
Q

digest pathogens and present the antigen signature to T cells, e.g. macrophages

A

Antigen-presenting cells (APCs)

25
Q

2 possible responses based on the antigen presented to T cell

A

Activation of :
B cell
cytotoxic T cell

26
Q

searches out and destroys any cell containing pathogen’s antigen signature

A

cytotoxic T cell

27
Q

rapidly multiplies into secretory cells called “plasma cells”

A

B cell

28
Q

produce large amounts of antibody that bind to antigens

A

Plasma cell

29
Q

Clones into memory cells allowing body to remember specific antigens

A

B cells

30
Q

When the body produces its own antibodies

A

Active immunity

31
Q

When antibodies are passively introduced to the body

A

Passive Immunity

32
Q

introduce weakened or dead antigens to elicit immune response (active immunity)

A

Vaccines

33
Q

caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus

A

Acquired Immune Deficient Syndrome

34
Q

virus that infects T cells and prevents activation of cytotoxic T cells and B cells preventing the adaptive immune system from operating

A

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

35
Q

can target innocuous foreign particles, e.g. pollen; cause body to overproduce huge amounts of antibodies

A

Overactive immune system

36
Q

These cells are responsible for releasing histamine

A

Mast cells

37
Q

When the immune system mistakenly targets a host molecule as a foreign antigen (attacking own body)

A

Autoimmune disease

38
Q

Examples of autoimmune disease

A

Diabetes I
Rheumatoid arthritis
Multiple sclerosis

39
Q

transports white blood cells throughout the body

A

Circulatory System

40
Q

Produces white blood cells/lymphocytes

A

Lymphatic System

41
Q

Other producer of white blood cells

A

Red bone marrow

42
Q

First line of defense for the body

A

Integumentary system

43
Q

Type of antigen-presenting cell that digests pathogens to share antigen signature as a part of immune response

A

Dendritic Cells

Human Anatomy and Physiology (13 decks)

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