Immune System

Question 1

Protects the body from disease-causing agents aka pathogens

Answer 1

Immune System

Question 2

Nonspecific response to pathogens

Answer 2

Innate defense system

Question 3

Specific response to a given pathogen

Answer 3

Adaptive defense system

Question 4

What are the 3 lines of defense?

Answer 4

1. Skin, mucus, secretions (INNATE)
2. Phagocytes, specific proteins, inflammatory response (INNATE)
3. Lymphocytes (B/T cells) fight pathogens and retain a memory of specific pathogen (ADAPTIVE)

Question 5

Function: prevents entry of pathogens through the presence of barriers composed of skin and secretions, e.g. acid, enzymes, salt

Answer 5

Immune System

Question 6

this occurs when the innate immune system fails to exterminate a pathogen

Answer 6

Adaptive immune system identifies, targets and memorizes pathogen

Question 7

Pathogens can enter the body through:

Answer 7

Openings of digestive, urinary, or reproductive systems

Injuries

Question 8

B and T cells reside in the _______________?

Answer 8

Lymph nodes

Question 9

series of nonspecific barriers (physical, cellular, soluble components) that impede pathogens from entering the body or multiplying

Answer 9

Innate immune system

Question 10

3 external barriers :

Answer 10

Skin and mucus secretions
Chemical barriers
Cellular barriers (commensal microorganisms)

Question 11

Chemical barriers include:

Answer 11

Low pH
Salt
Enzymes

Question 12

When pathogens breach the barriers and enter tissues or blood, this secondary response occurs:

Answer 12

inflammatory response

Question 13

this hormone is released during inflammatory response resulting in an increase of blood flow and number of white blood cells, as well as phagocytes

Answer 13

Histamines

Question 14

Organism that is part of inflammatory response which destroy bacteria

Answer 14

phagocytes

Question 15

released when a virus is introduced to the body

Answer 15

interferons

Question 16

secondary immune defense that can speed up immune response

Answer 16

Fever

Question 17

proteins that interfere with the production of new viruses

Answer 17

interferons

Question 18

cells that attack host cells that harbor intracellular pathogens

Answer 18

Natural Killer (NK) lymphocytes

Question 19

part of innate immune defense that inhibit bacteria, fungi, and viruses

Answer 19

Antimicrobial peptides

Question 20

type of pathogen response where an infected cell is destroyed

Answer 20

Cellular response

Question 21

Type of response where pathogens are destroyed by using antibodies secreted by B cells

Answer 21

Humoral response

Question 22

signature molecules from pathogens the body uses to remember what it has previously been exposed to

Answer 22

Antigens

Question 23

2 types of lymphocytes

Answer 23

T cells

B cells

Question 24

digest pathogens and present the antigen signature to T cells, e.g. macrophages

Answer 24

Antigen-presenting cells (APCs)

Question 25

2 possible responses based on the antigen presented to T cell

Answer 25

Activation of : B cell cytotoxic T cell

Question 26

searches out and destroys any cell containing pathogen's antigen signature

Answer 26

cytotoxic T cell

Question 27

rapidly multiplies into secretory cells called "plasma cells"

Answer 27

B cell

Question 28

produce large amounts of antibody that bind to antigens

Answer 28

Plasma cell

Question 29

Clones into memory cells allowing body to remember specific antigens

Answer 29

B cells

Question 30

When the body produces its own antibodies

Answer 30

Active immunity

Question 31

When antibodies are passively introduced to the body

Answer 31

Passive Immunity

Question 32

introduce weakened or dead antigens to elicit immune response (active immunity)

Answer 32

Vaccines

Question 33

caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Answer 33

Acquired Immune Deficient Syndrome

Question 34

virus that infects T cells and prevents activation of cytotoxic T cells and B cells preventing the adaptive immune system from operating

Answer 34

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

Question 35

can target innocuous foreign particles, e.g. pollen; cause body to overproduce huge amounts of antibodies

Answer 35

Overactive immune system

Question 36

These cells are responsible for releasing histamine

Answer 36

Mast cells

Question 37

When the immune system mistakenly targets a host molecule as a foreign antigen (attacking own body)

Answer 37

Autoimmune disease

Question 38

Examples of autoimmune disease

Answer 38

Diabetes I Rheumatoid arthritis Multiple sclerosis

Question 39

transports white blood cells throughout the body

Answer 39

Circulatory System

Question 40

Produces white blood cells/lymphocytes

Answer 40

Lymphatic System

Question 41

Other producer of white blood cells

Answer 41

Red bone marrow

Question 42

First line of defense for the body

Answer 42

Integumentary system

Question 43

Type of antigen-presenting cell that digests pathogens to share antigen signature as a part of immune response

Answer 43

Dendritic Cells