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Marshall Walkington > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Axial Skeleton

A

Head and trunk of vertebrate
Central axis of human skeleton
Supports the upright position and protects internal organs
Skull, vertebrate, rib cage, and sternum

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2
Q

Appendicular Skeleton

A

Portion of the skeleton of vertebrates made up of bones that support appendages
Limbs
Aid in the movement of the body
Pectoral girdle, arms, forearms, hands, pelvis, legs, feet, and ankles

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3
Q

Epiphysis

A

The end of the bone

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4
Q

Diaphysis

A

shaft of the bone

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5
Q

articular cartilage

A

the smooth, white tissue that covers the ends of bones where they come together to form joints. (hyaline cartilage, padding)

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6
Q

Periosteum

A

a thin layer of connective tissue that covers the outer surface of a bone in all places except at joints (membrane that covers entire bone)

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7
Q

Medullary Cavity

A

hollow chamber filled with bone marrow

Red Marrow (blood)
Yellow Marrow (fat)
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8
Q

Types of Bone Tissue

A

Compact (wall of the diaphysis)

Spongy (cancellous, epiphysis) - red marrow

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9
Q

How many bones are in the body?

A

206

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10
Q

Functions of the Skeletal System

A

a support structure for your body

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11
Q

What are the classification of bones?

A

long, short, flat and irregular

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12
Q

What are the functions of red bone marrow?

A

Red bone marrow is where red blood cells, platelets and white blood cells are created. Red blood cells carry oxygen to the lungs and organs. White blood cells are what strengthen our immune system and fight infections in the body.

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13
Q

Function of Compact Bone Tissue

A

provides protection and strength to bones

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14
Q

Function of Spongy Bone Tissue

A

providing structural support and flexibility without

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15
Q

What are the functions of yellow bone marrow?

A

Yellow: Yellow bone marrow contains mesenchymal stem cells (marrow stromal cells), which produce cartilage, fat and bone. Yellow bone marrow also aids in the storage of fats in cells called adipocytes.

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16
Q

What are long bones?

A

long bone is a bone that has a shaft and 2 ends and is longer than it is wide.

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17
Q

What are the flat bones?

A

Flat bones are made up of a layer of spongy bone between two thin layers of compact bone.

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18
Q

What are short bones?

A

Short bones are shaped roughly as a cube and contain mostly spongy bone.

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19
Q

What are irregular bones?

A

They are primarily spongy bone that is covered with a thin layer of compact bone.

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20
Q

What are the synovial joints?

A

hinge (elbow), saddle (carpometacarpal joint), planar (acromioclavicular joint), pivot (atlantoaxial joint), condyloid (metacarpophalangeal joint), and ball and socket (hip joint)

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21
Q

What is a hinge?

A

a movable joint or mechanism on which a door, gate, or lid swings as it opens and closes or which connects linked objects.

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22
Q

What is the saddle?

A

The saddle joint gets its name because the bone forming one part of the joint is concave (turned inward) at one end and looks like a saddle.

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23
Q

What is the pivot?

A

Pivot joint, also called rotary joint, or trochoid joint, in vertebrate anatomy, a freely moveable joint (diarthrosis) that allows only rotary movement around a single axis.

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24
Q

What is the condyloid?

A

Condyloid joints are a type of synovial joint where the articular surface of one bone has an ovoid convexity sitting within an ellipsoidal cavity of the other bone.

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25
Q

What is the ball and socket?

A

Ball-and-socket joint, also called spheroidal joint, in vertebrate anatomy, a joint in which the rounded surface of a bone moves within a depression on another bone, allowing greater freedom of movement than any other kind of joint.

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26
Q

What is a flexion/extension?

A

Flexion refers to a movement that decreases the angle between two body parts.
Extension refers to a movement that increases the angle between two body parts.

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27
Q

Abduction/Adduction/Circumduction

A

Abduction: away from the body
Adduction: towards the body
Circumduction is the orderly combination of shoulder movements so that the hand traces a circle and the arm traces a cone.

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28
Q

Dorsiflexion/Planter Flexion

A

Dorsiflexion is the backward bending and contracting of your hand or foot.
Plantar flexion is a movement in which the top of your foot points away from your leg.

29
Q

Inversion/Eversion

A

Inversion involves the movement of the sole towards the median plane - so that the sole faces in a medial direction.
Eversion involves the movement of the sole away from the median plane - so that the sole faces in a lateral direction.

30
Q

Protraction/Retraction

A

Protraction: towards the body
Retraction: away from the body

31
Q

Elevation

A

Elevation: tensed

32
Q

Oppostion

A

Opposition is the thumb movement that brings the tip of the thumb in contact with the tip of a finger.

33
Q

Reposition

A

Reposition is a movement that moves the thumb and the little finger away from each other, effectively reversing opposition.

34
Q

Depression

A

the body untensed

35
Q

Main Bones of the Pectoral Girdle

A

The Clavicle: the bone that connects the breastplate (sternum) to the shoulder
Scapula: a large triangular-shaped bone that lies in the upper back

36
Q

Humerus

A

The humerus is the arm bone between your shoulder and your elbow

37
Q

Radius

A

The radius is one of the two bones that make up the forearm

38
Q

Ulna

A

The ulna is one of two bones that make up the forearm

39
Q

Carpals

A

The carpal bones are bones of the wrist that connect the distal aspects of the radial and ulnar bones of the forearm

40
Q

Metacarpals

A

any of several tubular bones between the wrist (carpal) bones and each of the forelimb digits in land vertebrates

41
Q

Phalanges

A

the tubular bones of the fingers and thumb

42
Q

Femur

A

The femur is the longest, heaviest, and strongest bone in the human body.

43
Q

Tibia

A

The tibia is a larger bone on the inside,

44
Q

Fibula

A

The fibula, sometimes called the calf bone, is smaller than the tibia and runs beside it

45
Q

Tarsals

A

Tarsal, any of several short, angular bones that in humans make up the ankle

46
Q

Metatarsals

A

The metatarsal bones are the bones of the forefoot that connect the distal aspects of the cuneiform

47
Q

Transverse Fracture

A

A transverse fracture occurs when a bone breaks at a 90-degree angle to the long axis of the bone.

48
Q

Oblique Fracture

A

An oblique fracture is characterized by a break that is curved or at an angle to the bone.

49
Q

Comminuted Fracture

A

The bone is broken into more than two pieces

50
Q

Greenstick Fracture

A

when a bone bends and cracks, instead of breaking completely into separate pieces

51
Q

Stress Fracture

A

A tiny crack in a bone caused by repetitive stress or force, often from overuse.

52
Q

Pathologic Fracture

A

A pathological bone fracture is a bone fracture which occurs without adequate trauma and is caused by a preexistent pathological bone lesion.

53
Q

Closed Fracture

A

The bone is broken, but the skin is intact.

54
Q

Open Fracture

A

a fracture in which there is an open wound or break in the skin near the site of the broken bone

55
Q

Spiral Fracture

A

A spiral fracture, also known as torsion fracture, is a type of complete fracture. It occurs due to a rotational, or twisting, force. Complete fractures are categorized based on the way the bone breaks.

56
Q

How many bones are in the cranium?

A

8

57
Q

What is the only movable bone in the skull?

A

Jaw bone

58
Q

What are the five vertebral regions (from superior to inferior)?

A

ervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, and coccyx

59
Q

How many vertebrae are in cervical

A

The spine above the sacrum consists of: Seven bones in the neck—the cervical spine. 12 bones in the chest—the thoracic spine. Five bones in the lower back—the lumbar spine.

60
Q

How many vertebrae are in thoracic

A

12

61
Q

How many vertebrae are in lumbar?

A

The lumbar section is located between the thoracic vertebrae and the sacrum. The five lumbar vertebrae, labeled L1 to L5, are the main weight-bearing section of the spinal column.

62
Q

Scoliosis

A

A sideways curvature of the spine.

63
Q

Kyphosis

A

excessive outward curvature of the spine, causing hunching of the back.

64
Q

Lordosis

A

excessive inward curvature of the spine.

65
Q

What does the thoracic cage protect?

A

The thoracic cage protects the heart and lungs.

66
Q

Costal cartilage

A

any of the cartilages that connect the distal ends of the ribs with the sternum and by their elasticity permit movement of the chest in respiration.

67
Q

What are the three types of ribs?

A

According to their attachment to the sternum, the ribs are classified into 3 groups: true, false, and floating ribs.

68
Q

How many of the three types of ribs are there?

A

True: 7
False: 3
Floating: 2

Marshall Walkington (13 decks)

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