Directional Terms Flashcards
The structure of body parts
Anatomy
The function of body parts
Physiology
cells, tissues and organs
organization
reactions in the body, processing energy, all chemical changes in the body
Metabolism
sense changes and react to them
responsiveness
change in position, motion of internal parts
movement
increase in body size
growth
changes in the body, including differentiation
development
What is Differentiation?
the process by which a cell becomes specialized to perform a specific function
All cells have the same ______
genetic information
How do cells differentiate?
by activating and deactivating genes
First level of organization
Atomic level: The basic unit or component of organization in both living and non-living object is an atom. An atom is, of course further made of still smaller particles like electrons, protons and neutrons.
Second level of organization
Molecular level:Atoms combine with one another to form molecules
Third level of organization
Cellular level: The subcellular components coordinate their activities to produce living cells. Living beings are made of one cell or numerous cells. Unicellular organisms are more appropriately called acellular organisms.
Fourth level of organization
Tissue level: In multicellular organisms the cells may be similar (colonial organisms) or organized into distinct functional units called tissue. A tissue is a group of cells with similar structure performing the same function
Fifth level of organization
Organ level: Two or more tissues are organized into distinct structures called organs . Organs are specialized for performing one or more functions e.g. pumping by heart, photosynthesis by leaves.
Sixth level of organization
Organ System Level: Two or more organs coordinate their activities towards a common activity e.g. digestive system, respiratory system.
Seventh level of organization
Organismal Level: Living beings are called organisms because they possess high level of organization. They are called individuals as each organism has a distinct interact or individuality.
Homeostasis
endency of the body to maintain a stable, balanced, internal environment. The state of being alive
What are the requirements of human life?
Oxygen to make ATP, Nutrients (water, food and vitamins), temperature, atmospheric pressure required for breathing
What is a feedback loop?
the reaction of the body to outside circumstance.
What does ‘normal range’ mean?
An indication of where the body can function and/or what is optimal
What is the ‘set point’?
The value which the range fluctuates
What does a negative feedback loop do?
Decrease the occurrence of an event
