Muscular System

Question 1

Skeletal Muscle

Answer 1

the specialised tissue that is attached to bones and allows movement.

Question 2

Smooth Muscle

Answer 2

located in various internal structures including the digestive tract, uterus and blood vessels such as arteries

Question 3

Cardiac Muscle

Answer 3

the muscle specific to the heart

Question 4

What is a property of the muscle?

Answer 4

excitability; allows a muscle to respond to a stimulus and to maintain chemical potentials across its cell membranes.

Question 5

What is a property of the muscle?

Answer 5

contractility, any increase in the force of contraction (Work) that CANNOT be attributed to the Frank–Starling mechanism of the heart.

Question 6

What is a property of the muscle?

Answer 6

extensibility, ability of a muscle to extend to a predetermined endpoint.

Question 7

What is a property of the muscle?

Answer 7

elasticity, the ability to stretch a muscle to reach its full range of movement without restriction.

Question 8

Fascicle

Answer 8

The muscle fibers that are arranged in bundles

Question 9

Epimysium

Answer 9

Outermost layer, surrounds entire muscle

Question 10

Perimysium

Answer 10

Separates and surrounds fascicles

Question 11

Endomysium

Answer 11

Surrounds each individual muscle fiber

Question 12

Sarcolemma

Answer 12

Muscle fiber membrane

Question 13

Myofibril

Answer 13

Individual parallel muscle fibers (made up of actin and myosin)

Question 14

Sarcoplasm

Answer 14

Inner material surrounding the myofibril (equivalent to the cell’s cytoplasm)

Question 15

Actin

Answer 15

Thin filaments

Question 16

Myosin

Answer 16

Thick filaments

Question 17

Subclavius

Answer 17

a small triangular muscle, placed between the clavicle and the first rib

Question 18

Serratus Anterior

Answer 18

A fan-shaped muscle that originates on the superolateral surfaces of the first to eighth ribs or the first to ninth ribs at the lateral wall of the thorax and inserts along the superior angle, medial border, and inferior angle of the scapula.

Question 19

Rhomboid Major

Answer 19

a skeletal muscle on the back that connects the scapula with the vertebrae of the spinal column.

Question 20

Pectoralis Major

Answer 20

the superior most and largest muscle of the anterior chest wall. It is a thick, fan-shaped muscle that lies underneath the breast tissue and forms the anterior wall of the axilla.

Question 21

Latissimus Dorsi

Answer 21

a broad, flat muscle that occupies the majority of the lower posterior thorax. The muscle’s primary function is of the upper extremity but is also considered to be a respiratory accessory muscle.

Question 22

Supraspinatus

Answer 22

Supraspinatus is the smallest of the 4 muscles which comprise the Rotator Cuff of the shoulder joint specifically in the supraspinatus fossa. It travels underneath the acromion.

Question 23

Teres major

Answer 23

Teres major is a small muscle that runs along the lateral border of the scapula. It forms the inferior border of both the triangular space and quadrangular space. It’s sometimes called “lat’s little helper” because of its synergistic action with the latissimus dorsi.

Question 24

Biceps Brachii

Answer 24

The biceps brachii is a large, thick muscle on the ventral portion of the upper arm. The muscle is composed of a short head (caput breve) and a long head (caput longum).

Question 25

Triceps Brachii

Answer 25

The triceps brachii is a large, thick muscle on the dorsal part of the upper arm. It often appears as the shape of a horseshoe on the posterior aspect of the arm. The main function of the triceps is the extension of the elbow joint.

Question 26

Pronator Teres

Answer 26

The pronator teres is a muscle (located mainly in the forearm) that, along with the pronator quadratus, serves to pronate the forearm (turning it so that the palm faces posteriorly when from the anatomical position).

Question 27

Supinator

Answer 27

a muscle whose contraction produces or assists in the supination of a limb or part of a limb.

Question 28

gastrocnemius

Answer 28

the chief muscle of the calf of the leg, which flexes the knee and foot. It runs to the Achilles tendon from two heads attached to the femur.

Question 29

soleus

Answer 29

a broad muscle in the lower calf, below the gastrocnemius, that flexes the foot to point the toes downward.

Question 30

tibialis posterior

Answer 30

he deepest muscle of the deep posterior compartment of the lower leg

Question 31

flexor digitorum longus

Answer 31

a muscle of the tibial side of the leg that flexes the terminal phalanx of each of the four small toes

Question 32

flexor hallucis longus

Answer 32

a powerful muscle located on the posterior aspect of the fibular below the deep fascia of the calf

Question 33

tibialis anterior

Answer 33

a muscle arising chiefly from the lateral condyle and part of the shaft of the tibia, inserting by a long tendon into the first cuneiform and first metatarsal bones, and acting to flex the foot dorsally and to invert it

Question 34

extensor hallucis longus

Answer 34

a thin muscle, situated between the Tibialis anterior and the Extensor digitorum longus

Question 35

extensor digitorum longus

Answer 35

a pennate muscle on the lateral part of the front of the leg that extends the four small toes and dorsally flexes and pronates the foot

Question 36

biceps femoris

Answer 36

any of several muscles having two points of attachment at one end

Question 37

rectus femoris

Answer 37

It is a bulk of muscle located in the superior, anterior middle compartment of the thigh and is the only muscle in the quadriceps group that crosses the hip

Question 38

adductor longus

Answer 38

one of the adductor muscles of the medial thigh

Question 39

ilacus

Answer 39

a triangular muscle which passes from the pelvis through the groin on either side and, together with the psoas, flexes the hip.

Question 40

gluteus maximus

Answer 40

any of three muscles in each buttock which move the thigh, the largest of which is the gluteus maximus.

Question 41

gluteus medius

Answer 41

a highly functional muscle that helps with hip movement

Question 42

gluteus minimus

Answer 42

Gluteus minimus muscle is the smallest one of the three gluteal muscles, it lies deep to the gluteus medius muscle.