SKELETAL System Flashcards
How many bones in adult body?
206
Name the two main skeletal system divisions?
- Axial skeleton
2. Appendicular skeleton
Where is the axial skeleton?
The axial skeleton runs along the body’s midline axis.
the following regions:
- Skull
- Hyoid (Anterior: Base of mandible & superior to thyroid cartilage/ Posterior C4)
- Auditory ossicles (inner ear)
- Ribs
- Sternum
- Vertebral column (C1-7, T1-12, L1-5, S1-2)
How many bones in the axial skeletal system?
80
How many bones in the Appendicular Skeleton?
126 The Appendicular Skeleton is made up of 126 bones in
What regions are in the Appendicular Skeleton?
Appendicular Skeleton is the following regions: • Upper limbs • Lower limbs • Pelvic girdle • Pectoral (shoulder) girdle
What is the shoulder girdle?
The shoulder girdle is composed of the clavicle and the scapula, which articulates with the proximal humerus of the upper limb.
Four joints are present in the shoulder: the sternoclavicular (SC), acromioclavicular (AC), and scapulothoracic joints, and glenohumeral joint.31 July 2021
What is the Hyoid bone? And where is it?
U-shaped In the Midline neck area Anteriorly at base of mandible Posteriorly at 4th cervical vertebra Anatomical is just superior to the thyroid cartilage
The hyoid bone (hyoid) is a small U-shaped (horseshoe-shaped) solitary bone, situated in the midline of the neck anteriorly at the base of the mandible and posteriorly at the fourth cervical vertebra. Its anatomical position is just superior to the thyroid cartilage.
The axial skeleton forms the
central axis of the human body.
The medial line is the central axis of the figure, dividing the body vertically into equal right and left haves. (In medical terminology, it is referred to as the midsagittal plane.)
The human skeleton is the internal framework of the body. It is composed of around
300 bones at birth – this total decreases to 206 bones by adulthood after some bones
have fused together.
What are the Main functions of the Skeletal System:
Main functions of the Skeletal System;
- Support and Protect Organs
- Create new BLOOD cells (Haematopoiesis)
- Movement muscles are attached to bones
- Stores essentials for growth and repair.
S.C.M.S
• Support – supporting the body’s organs
• Protection – surrounding organs and soft tissues (brain, heart etc…)
• Movement – the muscles are attached to the bones and when they contract
they create a movement.
• Haematopoiesis – The process of creating new blood cells in the body.
• Storage – the skeletal system stores many different essential substances to
facilitate growth and repair of the body.
The axial skeleton consists of:
The axial skeleton consists of
the bones of the:
- Head
- Trunk of verebrate
- 80 Bones
- 6 parts
- Skull bones,
- Ossicles, middle ear,
- Hyoid bone, just superior to thyroid
- Rib cage,
- Sternum
- Vertebral column.
What are the Functions of the Axial skeleton?
- Supports and Protects brain spinal cord and organs in the ventral body cavity.
- Attachment of muscles
- DIRECTS RESPIRATORY
Stabelizes portions of Appendicular skeleton
Functions of the Axial skeleton:
1. The axial skeleton provides support and protection for the brain, spinal cord, and the organs in the ventral body cavity; it also provides a surface for the attachment of muscles, directs respiratory movements, and stabilizes portions
of the appendicular skeleton.
- The bones of the skull are divided into cranial bones and facial bones; their main
roles consist of supporting the structures of the face and protecting the brain. - The vertebral column protects the spinal cord, supports the head, and acts as
an attachment point for the ribs and muscles of the back and neck. - The thoracic cage’s most notable role is in breathing; however, it also protects
the organs of the thoracic cavity, provides support for the shoulder girdles and
upper limbs, and functions as the attachment point for the diaphragm, muscles
of the back, chest, neck, and shoulders.
See notes on Spine, functions of the spine, spinal cu
What areas of the body is the Axial skeletonl?
head and trunk
What areas of the body is the Appendicular skeleton?
upper lower limbs arms legs + feet)
pelvis/hips pelvic girdle (excluding tailbone)
shoulder scapular and clavical girdle
Appendicular
upper lower limbs arms legs + feet)
pelvis/hips (pelvic girdle)
shoulder scapular and clavicle (pectoral girdle)
What are appendages?
Appendages:
A thing that is added or attached to something larger or more important.
EG: shoulders hips limbs are appendages that attach to the more important trunk and skull.
What does the Appendicular Skeleton support?
Attachment and functions of limbs.
The appendicular skeleton supports the attachment and functions of the upper and lower limbs of the human body.
It is made up of:
- Upper limbs
- Lower limbs
- Pectoral girdle
- Pelvic girdle
The pectoral girdle acts as the point of attachment of the upper limbs to the body.
What are the 3 regions of the pelvic girdle?
Illum - large fan shape - superior (upper)
Ischium - posteroinferior (back, lower)
Pubis - anteromedial (front, middle)
The adult hip bone consists of three regions. The ilium forms the large, fan-shaped superior portion, the ischium forms the posteroinferior portion, and the pubis forms the anteromedial portion
What do the Upper limbs include?
The upper limb consists of the arm, the forearm, and the wrist and hand.
Humerus Ulnar Radius Carparls Metacarpals Phalanges
What do the lower limbs, include?
The lower limbs, including the thighs, legs, and feet, support the entire weight of the body and absorb the resulting forces from locomotion.
Humerus Fibular Tiba Patela Tarsarls Metatarsals Palanges
What is the pelvic girdle responsible for?
- Support
- Movement
- Muscles attachment
OR
- Bearing weight of body
- locomotion/movement
- attaching the lower limbs to the body trunk
The pelvic girdle is responsible for bearing the weight of the body and is responsible for locomotion; it is also responsible for attaching the lower limbs to the body.
How many vertebra in the spine?
there are 24 vertebra in the spine
plus the
sacrum and coccyx
there are 33 in the vertebra in the spine prior to adolescence. then the
the 5 sacrum
the 4 coccyx
fuse
What is the Spinal Column Responsible for?
The Spinal Column is responsible for:
- Is the MAIN support for the body
- Protects Spinal Cord and nerves
- Allows movement, stand, bend, twist
This spinal column provides the main support for
your body, allowing you to stand upright, bend, and
twist, while protecting the spinal cord from injury.
Strong muscles and bones, flexible tendons and
ligaments, and sensitive nerves contribute to a
healthy spine. Yet, any of these structures affected
by strain, injury, or disease can cause pain.
What makes a spine strong?
Strong muscles and bones, flexible tendons and
ligaments, and sensitive nerves contribute to a
healthy spine.
How many major regions of the spine are there?
there are 5 major regions of the spine
Spinal Region 1 in the spine is?
- Cervical:
7 vertebrae in the neck.
Cervical vertebrae are the thinnest/most delicate but offer great flexibility to the neck.
Cervical Vertebra, C1, supports the skull
Named “atlas” after the Greek titan who held the Earth on his shoulders.
The skull pivots on the atlas when moving up and down.
ATLAS skull moves up and down C1 (RING shape)
Cervical Vertebra, C2, is also known as the “axis” because it allows the skull and atlas to rotate to the left and right.
AXIS C2 SKULL moves left to right (PEG SHAPE fits into ring C1)
Spinal Region 2
Thoracic:
12 vertebrae in the chest region form the spine’s thoracic region.
- Larger and stronger than cervical
- Much less flexible.
- The spinous processes of the thoracic vertebrae point inferiorly (down) to help lock the vertebrae together.
- Each thoracic vertebrae forms joints with a pair of ribs to form the sturdy ribcage that protects the organs of the chest
Spinal Region 3
The lumbar (5V) lower back
Lumbar: The 5 vertebrae in the lower back form the lumbar region of the spine.
- Lumbar vertebrae are even larger and stronger than thoracic vertebrae
- Are more flexible due to the lack of ribs in the lumbar region.
- All the upper body’s weight bears down on the lumbar vertebrae, leading to many back problems in
this region despite the size and strength of the vertebrae
