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Idit: Anatomy Physiology BOOK 200HR YTT Sukha Mukha > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

What is the respiratory system responsible for?

A
  • Taking in oxygen
  • Expelling carbon dioxide.

The respiratory system is a series of organs responsible for taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide.

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2
Q

What are the primary organs of the respiratory system?

A

The primary organs of the respiratory system are the lungs.

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3
Q

What do the lungs do during inhalation and exhalation?

A
  • Taking in oxygen
  • Expelling carbon dioxide.
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4
Q

What do red blood cells do during inhalation and exhalation?

A

Red blood cells

  • Collect oxygen from lungs, carry it to the parts of the body where it is needed.
  • Collect the carbon dioxide and transport it back to the lungs, where it leaves the body when we exhale.
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5
Q

What are sinuses?

A

Sinuses are hollow spaces in the skull.

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6
Q

What do sinuses do during breathing?

A

Sinuses help regulate the temperature and humidity of the air we breathe.

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7
Q

What is another name for Throat?

A

Pharynx. The anatomical name for throat is pharynx.

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8
Q

What is the pharynx, where is it and what does it do?

A

The pharynx (throat):

  • Is a muscular funnel
  • It extends from the posterior/back end of the nasal cavity to the superior/upper end of the oesophagus and larynx.
  • the pharaynx (throat) is the common passage way for air. liquid, food.
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9
Q

What is the Larynx, where is it and what does it do?

A
  • The larynx (voice box).
  • Is a short section of the airway that connects
    the laryngopharynx and the trachea.
  • The larynx is located in the anterior/front portion of the
    neck, just inferior/below to the hyoid bone and superior/above to the trachea.
  • Produces sound
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10
Q

What is the trachea, where is it and what does it do?

A

The trachea (windpipe)

  • Filters the air that is inhaled
  • Is the main airway
  • It is between the lungs and branches into the bronchi.
  • Is inferior to larynx (voice box) and Medial to the lungs, it is actually between the lungs an directly in the body’s midline. It is superior (above) to the diaphragm.
    Anterior(back) to the thymus.
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11
Q

What are the bronchial tubes, where are they and

A
  • The bronchial tubes lead to the lobes of the lungs.
  • The bronchial tubes carry mucus up and out of the body via the Cillia (little hairs that line the bronchial tubes and move back and forth).
  • Mucus is sticky and collects dust, germs, and other mater that has invaded the lungs.
  • Mucus is expelled when we sneeze, cough, spit or swallow.
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12
Q

Where are the lungs?

A
  • The lungs are a pair of large, spongy organs found in the thorax.
  • Lateral to the heart and superior to the diaphragm. -
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13
Q

What are the lungs surrounded by?

A

The lungs are surrounded by
- Pleural membrane

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14
Q

What does the Lung Pleural membrane do?

A
  • The pleural membrane provides the lung with space to expand as well as a negative pressure space relative
    to the body’s exterior.
  • The negative pressure allows the lungs to passively fill with air as they relax.
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15
Q

How many lobes does the left lung have?

A

The left lung has 2 lobes

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16
Q

How many lobes does the right lung have?

A

The right lung has 3 lobes

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17
Q

Which lung is smaller and why? (left or right)

A

The left lung is therefore slightly smaller
than the right lung due to the heart pointing to the left side of the body.

Left has 2 lobes
Right has 3 lobes

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18
Q

What are lobes? (lung lobes)

A
  • Lobes are filled with small, spongy sacs called alveoli.
  • Alveoli are where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs.
  • The alveolar are composed of a single layer of
    tissues called epithelial cells and tiny blood vessels called pulmonary capillaries.
  • The walls are extremely thin.
  • Blood passes through the capillaries.
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19
Q

What does the pulmonary artery cary?

A
  • The pulmonary artery carries blood containing carbon dioxide to the air sacs, where the gas moves from the blood to the air.
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20
Q

How does oxygenated blood get to the heart?

A
  • Oxygenated blood goes to the heart through the pulmonary vein, and the heart pumps it throughout the body.
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21
Q

What are the functions of:

  • Nose?
  • Mouth?
  • Epiglottis?
A
  • Nose - passageway for air
  • Mouth - passageway for air, food, liquid
  • Epiglottis - covers larynx while swallowing
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22
Q

Define the lungs?

A

Organ of Gas Exchange:

  • Oxygen in
  • Carbon dioxide out
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23
Q

What are the functions of:

  • Pleural membranes?
  • Lungs?
  • Intercostal muscle?
  • Diaphragm?
A
  • Pleural membranes - Cover the lungs and line the chest cavity.
  • Lungs - Organ of Gas Exchange:
  • Oxygen in
  • Carbon dioxide out
  • Intercostal muscle - moves ribs during respiration
    • Diaphragm - Skeletal muscle of respiration
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24
Q
A
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25
Q

Lungs Pic

A

Lungs pic

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26
Q

Name the 3 Intercostal Muscles and recite each ones location?

A

The 3 Intercostal Muscles BEWEEN RIBS in 3 LAYERS

  • Inermost Intercostal Muscles - Posterior layer (deepest)
  • Internal Intercostal Muscles - Medial layer (middle layer)
  • Extermal Intercostal Muscles - Anterior layer (superficial/shallow)
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27
Q

Intercostal pic 3

A

Intercostal pic4

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28
Q

What are the functions of:

  • Nasal Cavity?
  • Pharynx?
  • Laryx?
  • Trachea?
  • Bronchi?
  • Alveoli?
A

The Functions of:

  • Nasal Cavity - Filters, warms, moistens air
  • Pharynx (Throat) - Common passageway for: air, food, liquid
  • Laryx (voicebox) - creates sound
  • Trachea (windpipe) - main airway
  • Bronchi (look like leafless tree branches) - branching airways
  • Alveoli - air sacks of gas exhange
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29
Q

What are the functions of:

  • Pulmonary Artery?
  • Pulmonary Vvien?
  • Capilary Beds?
A

The Functions of:

  • Capilary Beds - Line the alveolar sacs - blood passes through them.

from there

  • Pulmonary Artery - Carries blood containing carbon dioxide to the air sacs, where the gas moves from the blood to the air.
  • Pulmonary Vvien - Carries Oxygenated blood to the heart to be pumped throughout the body.
30
Q

What is Inspiration?

A

Inspiration (inhalation)

  • The process of taking air into the lungs.
  • It is the active phase of ventilation, the result of muscle contraction.
  • During inspiration, the diaphragm contracts and the thoracic cavity increases in volume.
  • This decreases the intraalveolar pressure so that air flows into the lungs.
  • Inspiration draws air into the lungs.
31
Q

What is Expiration?

A

Expiration (exhalation)

  • Exhalation
  • Iis the process of letting air out of the lungs during the breathing cycle.
  • During expiration, the relaxation of the diaphragm and elastic recoil
    of tissue decreases the thoracic volume and increases the intraalveolar pressure.
  • Expiration pushes air out of the lungs.
32
Q

What are the Breathing Muscles?

A

The Breathing Muscles

  1. Diaphragm -
  • The diaphragm is a sheet of muscle that lies across the bottom of
    the chest cavity, and is largely responsible for the phenomena of the breath.
  • When the diaphragm contracts, it changes the air pressure inside the lungs and
    causes air to be pulled into the lungs.
  • Conversely, when the diaphragm relaxes, the air pressure changes again and air is pushed out of the lungs.
    2. The Intercostal Muscles -
  • The Intercostal Muscles between the ribs help to change the internal pressure
    by lifting and relaxing the ribcage in rhythm with the diaphragm.between the ribs help to change the internal pressure by lifting and relaxing the ribcage in rhythm with the diaphragm.
33
Q

What do the Intercostal Muscles do?

A
  • Change the internal pressure by lifting and relaxing the ribcage in rhythm with the diaphragm.

The Intercostal Muscles between the ribs help to change the internal pressure
by lifting and relaxing the ribcage in rhythm with the diaphragm.

34
Q

What does the Diaphragm do?

A
  1. Contracts Which:
    - Changes the air pressure inside the lungs
    - Causes air to be pulled into the lungs.
  2. Relaxes
    - Changes the air pressure inside lungs
    - And air is pushed out of the lungs.
35
Q

What is Respiration in simplist terms?

A
  1. Getting air into body
  2. Body using the oxygen - binds to carbon dioxide, a waste gas
  3. the air getting back out again taking the carbon dioxide with it
36
Q

Breathing Map INHALE

A
  • in through nose or mouth
  • down through the pharynx (throat)
  • past the laryx (voice box)
  • into the trachea (windpipe)
  • into bronchials (branching airways, leafless branches, branch out like a tree)
  • so its like the treachea which ends in a upsidedown Y shape into lungs is like a big tree trunk that splits into smaller trunks or branches (the bronchi, throughout lungs)
  • in the lungs - the lung tissue is made up of clusters of cells called ALVEOLI
  • We take a breath in - the lungs expand - oxygen fills the lungs - its in the alveoli cells - the oxygen difuses over the alveoli cells and into bloodstream
  • blood is now oxygenated
  • body uses oxygen - every cell needs it to survive.
  • once oxygen used & creates biproduct - CARBON DIOXIDE - waste product
  • next step is getting CD out of body - that is the exhale

-

37
Q

Breathing Map EXHALE

A
  • carbone dioxide in blood difuses accross the alveoli clusters of cells backinto the lung tissue
  • our lungs squeeze down and the carbon dixide go UP through the bronchials (upside down Y shape tree trunk)
  • up through the tachea/windpipe
  • laryx/voice box
  • pharynx/throat
  • the nose and the mouth
  • we breath out
38
Q

recap breatrh in

A

mouth or nose

down pharynx/throat

past laryx/voice box

into trachea/windpiple

into bronchials/upsidedown Y shape trunks into lungs

into alveoli clusters of cells

oxygen diffuses over the alveoli to bloodstream

body uses oxygen (every cell)

waste product carbon dioxide created

removed through exhale

39
Q

Other names for

  • Pharynx
A

Pharynx/throat

40
Q

Another name for Laryx?

A

Laryx/Voice Box

41
Q

Another name for Trachea?

A

Trachea/Windpipe

42
Q

Another name for Bronchials

A

Bronchials/upsidedown Y shape trunks that go into lungs

43
Q

What are alveoli?

A

alveoli clusters of cells in the lungs that difuse oxygen into blood and carbon dioxide wasteproduct of used oxygen out of blood to exhale out

44
Q

WHen we focuss more on our breathing through pranayama what happens?

A

We get more oxygen into lungs, bloodstream, tissues

45
Q

What is the mechanism of breathing?

A

thge parts of our body that work to support the physiology of breathing. Air getting in and out

46
Q

What are the body parts involved in the mechanism of breathing?

A
  • Ribcage/Thoracic Cage - Intercostal muscles between ribs

external, internal, and innermost (Eleven pairs of intercostal muscles are in each of the intercostal spaces, arranged from superficial to deep.)

  • Diaphragm - really strong connective tissue/tendon/muscle
  • The digaphragm diveds or thoracic body/ribcage from our abdominal body and attaches tio the ribs at the fronts the sides and the back
47
Q

HOw can we feel our intercostal muscles?

A

PUt fingers between ribs and twist from side to side (axial movement)

48
Q

What does the diaphragm divde?

What does the diaphragm attach to?

A
  • The digaphragm diveds or thoracic body/ribcage from our abdominal body
  • It attaches to the ribs at the fronts the sides and the back
49
Q

What does the diaphragm do ON INHALE?

A
  • contracts
  • relaxes

during breathing

works with ribs and intercostal muscles

WE INHALE R

RIBS LIFT UP AND OPEN UP

the intercostal muscles contract and lift the ribs up and open

creating space so lungs can expand

WE INHALE D

Diaphragm contracts and FLATTENS

draws down and creates space in thoracic cavity for lungs to expand

creates a vaccum as it contracts & flattens - allows us to suction more oxygen into lungs

50
Q

What does the diaphragm do on EXHALE?

What is Mechanism of exhaling?

A

really squeeze out the carbon dioxide wasteproduct of inhaling

AS WE EXHALE R

  • The ribs come down - the intercostal muscles contract and draw the ribs DOWN
  • and squeeze against the lungs

AT SAME TIME

AS WE EXHALE D

  • the diaphragm has relaxed and is floppy
  • RIBS COME DOWN
  • our abdominal contenst/organs are able to phush up against the diaphragm and it helps to close in and reduce the space so that we are able to squeeze out all the carbondioxide, toxins and waste

sit up tall and consious deep breathing - really allow the above to happen and allows for more oxygen into lungs and blood and tissues and brain.

side note: physiology of breathing is air getting in and out.

hunched over auto pilot desk breathing really only uses top 3rd of lung not really using the intercostal rib/thoracic cage muscles. minimal oxygen to brain - tired

51
Q

why is it so important as yoga teacher to understand the physiology anatomy and breathing mechanism for repiratory system?

A

becoming aware of breath

connecting movement to breath

centering phase of class

be able to teach pranayama techniques properly

breath is our life force

52
Q
A
53
Q
A
54
Q
A
55
Q

Diaphragm SHAPE?

A

Parachute

56
Q

How can we help students bring awarness to their breath?

A

altinating between

Hands on calvicles upperchest

then solarplexus

then lower belly

while breathing

57
Q

What does the esophagus do?

A

The esophagus is the muscular tube that carries food and liquids from your mouth to the stomach.

IT actually travels through the diaphragm (peicrcing it)

58
Q
A
59
Q

LOOKING FROM FLOOR UP INTO DIAPHRAGM

A
60
Q
A

there are other things that pierce the diaphragm

61
Q

Things that pierce the diaphragm:

A

THERE ARE STRUCTURES THAT GO THROUGH THE DIAPHRAGM that connect the upper to the lower

  • Big blood vessels
  • Aorta (big artery for getting blood to your lower body
  • Esophagus which goes down to your lower stomach
  • Venacava (returns blood back to your heart and nerves)

Side notes vid 2

Notice that the diaphragm is raised on the right side because of the liver snuggled beneath diaphragm

Looks like a mushroom or jelly fish – in nature

Stomach is underneath diaphragm

62
Q

The functionality of your Psoas can affect the function of the diaphragm of your breath

A
63
Q
A
64
Q
A
65
Q

When you inhale is the diaphragm contracting or releasing?

A

CONTRACTING - working

As you inhale the diaphragm contracts on itself – its doing work

CONTRATS AND PULLS DOWN AS YOU INHALE

When diaphragm contracts an pulls down it INSCREASES THE VOLUME OF YOUR LUNGS MAKING YOUR LUNGS BIGGER

66
Q

YOGA POSES THAT STRETCH THE PSOAS

Lunge stretches. Frog. Yoga poses. Several yoga poses can stretch out the psoas. Try tree pose, king dancer, warrior I, camel pose, wheel pose, and reclined hero pose.

ADD MORE

A

YOGA POSES THAT STRENGTHEN THE PSOAS

Psoas crunch. In tabletop position with hands and knees on the ground, bring the opposite knee and elbow together under the body in a crunching movement.

yoga stalk asana (Saaras Pakshi Asana)

67
Q

When you exhale is the diaphragm contracting or releasing?

A

RELEASING

It is relaxing

As you inhale the diaphragm relaxes –

it RELAXES AND SPRINGS UP AS YOU EXHALE

OUT

68
Q

What is Viscera?

A

Viscera: The internal organs of the body, specifically those within the chest (as the heart or lungs) or abdomen (as the liver, pancreas or intestines). The singular of “viscera” is “viscus” meaning in Latin “an organ of the body.”

69
Q

Name the structures that pass THROUGH the diaphragm?

A

STRUCTURES THAT PASS THROUGH THE DIAPHRAGM:

  1. Esophagus
  2. Inferior Vena Cava (Main blood vessel, lower half of the body)
  3. Descending Aorta. (Main blood vessel, lower half of the body)
70
Q

What is the difference between arteries/blood vessels and veins/blood vessels?

A
  • Arteries (in red) ARE the blood vessels that deliver blood to the body.
  • Veins (in blue) are the blood vessels that return blood to the heart.
71
Q

go get W5Repiratory notes from word and add here

A

CO2 IS CARBON DIOXIDE

72
Q
A

Idit: Anatomy Physiology BOOK 200HR YTT Sukha Mukha (18 decks)

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