ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY YTT Sukha Mukha Bk Flashcards
Describe the ANATOMICAL POSITIONS AND DIRECTIONAL TERMS
The Anatomical position is a universal term, in which the body is upright, directly facing the observer, feet flat and forward. Upper limbs alongside the body with palms facing forward. (In the talk the teacher says its important to remember this paragraph). She says that anatomy is like a map for the body.
Body is:
- Upright
- Directly Facing Observer
- Feet Flat and Forward
- Upper Limbs alongside the body w/palms facing forward (at the sides of the body)
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Anterior
At or near the front of the body (front view) The ribs are anterior to the lung
Give an example of anterior
The ribs are anterior to the lung
Posterior
At or near the back of the body (back view) The heart is posterior to the sternum (the heart is to the back of the sternum)
Midline
An imaginary vertical line that divides the body equally (right down the middle)
What is Lateral from the midline?
Farther from midline (side view) The lungs are lateral to the heart the outsides of body are lateral. so outter knee. sides of arms
What does Medial mean?
Medial means that it s Nearer to midline The ulna is medial to the radius
What does Superior mean?
Superior means Toward the head/upper part of a structure (bird’s-eye view, looking down) the lungs are superior to the stomach the stomach is superior to the bladder
What does Inferior mean?
Inferior means: Away from the head/lower part of a structure (bottom view, looking up) The liver is inferior to the heart the bladder is inferior to the liver BELOW
Inferior - BELOW
below head away from head Inferior
What does Superficial mean?
Superficial means: Close to the surface of the body. The ribs are superficial to the lungs. CLOSER TO SURFACE SHALLOW
What does Deep mean?
Deep means: Away from the surface of the body. The ribs are deep to the skin of the chest & back
What does Proximal mean?
Proximal means: Towards the trunk of the body The humerus is proximal to the radius Google: Trunk or torso is an anatomical term for the central part of the human body from which extend the neck and limbs. The trunk includes the thorax and abdomen. humerus - long bone UPPER ARM radius - bone in forearm (lateral) ulna - long bone FOREARM (medial) parallel to the radius, the second of the forearm bones. The ulna acts as the stabilising bone)
Distal
Further away from the trunk The phalanges are distal to the carpals Phalanges: bones in fingers and toes Carpal: Wrist GOOGLE: The phalanges are the bones that make up the fingers of the hand and the toes of the foot. There are 56 phalanges in the human body, with fourteen on each hand and foot. Three phalanges are present on each finger and toe, with the exception of the thumb and large toe, which possess only two. GOOGLE: The carpal bones are bones of the wrist that connect the distal aspects of the radial and ulnar bones of the forearm to the bases of the five metacarpal bones of the hand. There are eight carpal bones, which divide into two rows: a proximal row and a distal row.30 Oct 2020
THe body is often section into flat surfaces called?
PLANES For anatomical purposes, the body is often sectioned into flat surfaces called planes. The image below shows how the body is cut into corresponding planes
Sagittal plane– LOOK AT PAGE 4 DIAGRAM
is a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts
“Sagittal Suture.”
