Skeletal System Flashcards
State six functions of the skeletal system?
- Provide support as a structural framework and attachment for tendons and ligaments
- Protect the internal organs (brain, heart lungs, etc.)
- Assist body movements (in conjunction with muscles)
- Store and release calcium and phosphorus
- House the red bone marrow which produces blood cells
- Store triglycerides in adipose cells of yellow marrow
Name the two divisions of the skeleton?
- Axial Skeleton
- Appendicular Skeleton
State the specific function for the Axial Skeleton?
The axial skeleton forms the longitudinal axis of the body & consists of the skull, rib cage and vertebral colunm
State the specific function for the Appendicular Skeleton?
The appendicular skeleton consists of the bones of the forelimbs and pelvis. It provides mobility for manipulation & locomotion
Name the 5 types of bones?
- Long bone
- Short bone
- Sesamoid bone
- Flat bone
- Irregular bone
Name the cranial bones?
- Parietal Bone
- Frontal bone
- Occipital bone
- Temporal Bone
Describe the collective function of the cranial bones?
Enclosed & protect the brain. The outer surface of the cranial bones provides attachment for muscles that stabilize & move the head.
Name the four major facial bones?
- Nasal bone
- Zygomatic bone
- Maxilla bone
- Mandible
State three functions of the paranasal sinuses
- Reduce the weight of the skull
- Help to resonate vocal sounds
- Are lined with mucous membranes that humidify & warm air.
State three functions of the vertebral column
- Transmits the weight of the trunk to the lower limbs
- Surrounds & protects the spinal cord
- Provides attachment points for the ribs & muscles of the back & neck.
- Name the five sections of the vertebral column and state the number of vertebrae in each section
- Cervical vertebra (7)
- Thoracic vertebra (12)
- Lumbar vertebra (5)
- Sacrum (5 fused)
- Coccyx ( 4 fused)
Name the four normal curves of the vertebral column
- Cervical curvature
- Thoracic curvature
- Lumbar curvature
- Sacral curvature
Name and describe three abnormalities of spinal curves?
Kyphosis – A dorsally exaggerated thoracic curve. Most common in older females with osteoporosis
Lordosis – Accentuated lumbar curve. May be caused by increased weight in the anterior of the body
Scoliosis – Lateral curvature of thoracic region. More common in females, often occurs in later childhood.
Describe the difference between the vertebral foramen and the intervertebral foramen
- Vertebral foramen contains spinal cord
- intervertebral foramen provides the entry & exit of the spinal nerves
State the location and function of the intervertebral discs?
- Located between adjacent vertebrae
- Absorbs the compressive force and permits movement of the vertebral column