Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

State six functions of the skeletal system?

A
  • Provide support as a structural framework and attachment for tendons and ligaments
  • Protect the internal organs (brain, heart lungs, etc.)
  • Assist body movements (in conjunction with muscles)
  • Store and release calcium and phosphorus
  • House the red bone marrow which produces blood cells
  • Store triglycerides in adipose cells of yellow marrow
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name the two divisions of the skeleton?

A
  • Axial Skeleton

- Appendicular Skeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

State the specific function for the Axial Skeleton?

A

The axial skeleton forms the longitudinal axis of the body & consists of the skull, rib cage and vertebral colunm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

State the specific function for the Appendicular Skeleton?

A

The appendicular skeleton consists of the bones of the forelimbs and pelvis. It provides mobility for manipulation & locomotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name the 5 types of bones?

A
  • Long bone
  • Short bone
  • Sesamoid bone
  • Flat bone
  • Irregular bone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name the cranial bones?

A
  • Parietal Bone
  • Frontal bone
  • Occipital bone
  • Temporal Bone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe the collective function of the cranial bones?

A

Enclosed & protect the brain. The outer surface of the cranial bones provides attachment for muscles that stabilize & move the head.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name the four major facial bones?

A
  • Nasal bone
  • Zygomatic bone
  • Maxilla bone
  • Mandible
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

State three functions of the paranasal sinuses

A
  • Reduce the weight of the skull
  • Help to resonate vocal sounds
  • Are lined with mucous membranes that humidify & warm air.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

State three functions of the vertebral column

A
  • Transmits the weight of the trunk to the lower limbs
  • Surrounds & protects the spinal cord
  • Provides attachment points for the ribs & muscles of the back & neck.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
  • Name the five sections of the vertebral column and state the number of vertebrae in each section
A
  • Cervical vertebra (7)
  • Thoracic vertebra (12)
  • Lumbar vertebra (5)
  • Sacrum (5 fused)
  • Coccyx ( 4 fused)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Name the four normal curves of the vertebral column

A
  • Cervical curvature
  • Thoracic curvature
  • Lumbar curvature
  • Sacral curvature
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name and describe three abnormalities of spinal curves?

A

Kyphosis – A dorsally exaggerated thoracic curve. Most common in older females with osteoporosis
Lordosis – Accentuated lumbar curve. May be caused by increased weight in the anterior of the body
Scoliosis – Lateral curvature of thoracic region. More common in females, often occurs in later childhood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe the difference between the vertebral foramen and the intervertebral foramen

A
  • Vertebral foramen contains spinal cord

- intervertebral foramen provides the entry & exit of the spinal nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

State the location and function of the intervertebral discs?

A
  • Located between adjacent vertebrae

- Absorbs the compressive force and permits movement of the vertebral column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

State three functions of the thoracic cage?

A
  • Protects heart, lungs & great blood vessels
  • Supports the shoulder girdles & upper limbs
  • Provides attachment points for muscles of the neck, back, chest & shoulders
17
Q

Label the landmarks of the sternum?

A
  • Suprasternal notch
  • Manubrium
  • Sternal angle (Angle of louis)
  • Body
  • Xiphoid process
18
Q

State the number of ribs?

A

12 pairs of ribs

19
Q

Explain the difference between true and floating ribs?

A
  • First 7 pairs of ribs attach to sternum via costal cartilages (true ribs)
  • 11th & 12th pair are ‘floating ribs’ because their cartilages are embedded in the muscles of the lateral body wall
20
Q

State the function of the clavicle and scapula?

A
  • The clavicle transmits the mechanical force from the upper limb to the trunk
  • The scapula forms the shoulder joint with the humerus, provides a point of attachment for muscles, contains the glenoid cavity
21
Q

Describe the function of the glenoid cavity?

A
  • The glenoid cavity is a shallow socket for the head of the humerus
22
Q

In sequence from proximal to distal name (and label) the bones of the upper limb (arm)?

A
  • Humerus, ulna & radius, carpal bones, metacarpals, phalanges
23
Q

State the function of the pelvis?

A
  • Pelvis provides strong/stable weight-bearing support
24
Q

Label the bones of the pelvis?

A
  • Hip bone
  • Sacrum
  • Sacroiliac
  • Coccyx
  • Pelvic brim
  • Acetabulum
  • Public symphysis
25
Q

Name the two joints of the pelvis?

A

Joints are pubic symphysis (anteriorly) & sacroiliac joints (posteriorly)

26
Q

Describe four differences between the male and female pelvis?

A

Male: Larger & heavier, larger muscle attachments, Pubic arch <90degrees, pelvic brim narrow & heart shaped, pelvis narrow and deeper
Female: Smaller &tighter, pubic arch >90 degrees, pelvic brim wider and more oval, pelvis wider & shallower (to allow for birth of baby

27
Q

In sequence from proximal to distal name (and label) the bones of the lower limb (leg)?

A

Femur, Patella, Tibia, Fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges

28
Q

State the location of the calcaneus bone?

A

In the heel