Introduction to Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What is Pharmacology?

A

Pharmacology is the study of drugs, including their actions and effects in living systems

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2
Q

What is a drug?

A

A drug is any chemical that affects the physiological processes of a living organism

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3
Q

What is pharmacodynamic?

A

What the drug does to the body

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4
Q

What is pharmacokinetics?

A

What the body does to the drug

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5
Q

What are the three different names of drugs?

A
  • Chemical name
  • Generic name
  • Trade (brand name)
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6
Q

Describe the chemical name of a drug?

A

The name of the drug. Describes the chemical composition e.g acetyl-p-aminophenol

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7
Q

Describe the generic name of a drug?

A

The official name is listed in publications and used for prescribing. Has to the prescribe by generic name e.g paracetamol

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8
Q

Describe the trade name of a drug?

A

Market name of the drug e.g panadol

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9
Q

What are the four main molecular targets drugs act on to exert their effect?

A
  • Carries
  • Enzymes
  • Ion channels
  • Receptors
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10
Q

What is the agonist of a drug?

A

Binds to and activates the receptor. It is the key and makes receptor work

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11
Q

What is the antagonist of a drug?

A

Binds to and deactivates receptor. Blocks the receptor

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12
Q

What are the four things the body does to the drug? (pharmacokinetics)

A
  • Absorption
  • Distribution
  • Metabolism
  • Excretion
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13
Q

Describe absorption?

A

Absorption refers to the passage of medications from the site of administration into the blood.

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14
Q

What can slow absorption?

A

Presence of food and liquid in the stomach

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15
Q

What is the hepatic first passage?

A

Orally administrated drugs travel first through the portal system and liver before entering the systemic circulation. The liver removes 30% of the drug taken orally into the body so you have to make sure you give the patient the right amount of medication. E.g 30mg morphine is equivalent to 10mg IV

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16
Q

Describe distribution?

A

Distribution refers to the movement of the drug from the blood to the body tissue.

17
Q

What is drug distribution influenced by?

A
  • Capillary permeability
  • Cardiac function
  • Tissue binding
  • Plasma protein binding
18
Q

What are drug distribution barriers?

A
  • Blood-brain-barrier

- Placental barrier

19
Q

Describe metabolism?

A

The process of chemical modification of the drug. The liver is the primary metabolism site. (Gets rid of drug)

20
Q

Factors that affect the variability of drug metabolism?

A
  • Genetics
  • Environmental
  • Disease states
  • Age
21
Q

Describe excretion?

A

Excretion is the removal of the drug from the body. The kidneys excrete the majority of drugs, therefore assessment of the renal function is important

22
Q

What other ways can drugs be excreted?

A
  • Bile
  • Faeces
  • Expired air
  • Sweat
  • Breastmilk