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BNNS502 Nursing Science 2 Part 1 > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the six main types of nutrients?

A
  • Water, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, minerals, vitamins
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2
Q

Name the three monosaccharides (simple sugars) that are absorbed?

A
  • Glucose, fructose, galactose
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3
Q

State the five types of lipids?

A
  • Fatty acid
  • Triglycerides
  • Steroids
  • Phospholipids
  • Prostaglandins
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4
Q

Describe the function of fatty acid?

A
  • Synthesis of triglycerides & phospholipids

- Catabolised to generate ATP

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5
Q

Describe the function of Triglycerides?

A
  • Protection from injury, insulation from the cold and energy store
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6
Q

Describe the function of Phospholipids?

A
  • Component of cell membrane and lipoproteins
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7
Q

Describe the function of Steroids?

A
  • Minor component in cell membrane, precursor to bile salts, vitamin D & steroid hormones
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8
Q

Describe the function of Prostaglandins?

A
  • Local hormones released from damaged cells that intensify the effects of histamine & induce pain
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9
Q

State the major source of energy for the body?

A

Carbohydrates are the main source of fuel for cells and are used to produce ATP

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10
Q

Name the three different lipoproteins?

A

LDL, HDL, VLDL

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11
Q

What is the function of LDL?

A

Deposits the excess cholesterol in the artery wall where it forms into fatty plaque. This build up to block artery causes strokes and heart attacks

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12
Q

What is the function of HDL?

A

The major function is to remove excess cholesterol from the peripheral tissue. HDL transports cholesterol to the liver to be made into bile and excreted. It is a anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant molecule that powerfully protects from heart disease in several ways

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13
Q

What is the function of VLDL?

A

Delivers triglycerides to adipose tissue

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14
Q

Name the seven different types of proteins?

A
  • Structural proteins
  • Hormones
  • Contractile
  • Anti bodies
  • Haemoglobin
  • Enzymes
  • Neurotransmitters
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15
Q

Give one function for structural proteins?

A

Provide strength (e.g collagen in bone; keratin in hair, skin and nails)

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16
Q

Give one function for hormones?

A

e.g insulin acts as a chemical messenger from pancreatic islet cells to cells all over the body

17
Q

Give one function for contractile?

A

Allow shortening of muscle cells

18
Q

Give one function for anti bodies?

A

Provide protection/defence against foreign cells & bacteria

19
Q

Give one function for haemoglobin?

A

Transports oxygen in red blood cells

20
Q

Give one function for enzymes?

A

Speed up chemical reactions

21
Q

Name the four fat soluble vitamins?

A

Vitamin D, E, K, A

22
Q

What is the function for vitamin D?

A

Essential for absorption of calcium & phosphorous from GI tract

23
Q

What is the function for vitamin E?

A

Promote wound healing, prevent scarring, function, formation of RNA, DNA & RBC’s, Protects cell membranes from being destroyed

24
Q

What is the function for vitamin K?

A

Essential for blood clotting

25
Q

What is the function for vitamin A?

A

Formation of photoreceptors in retina, (visual pigments) growth of bones & teeth, health of epithelial cells

26
Q

Explain the function of antioxidant vitamins?

A
  • These vitamins inactivate the oxygen free radicals that arise from damage to cells either naturally or through environment hazards thus preventing further damage and disease.
27
Q

Name the main minerals?

A

Calcium, phosphorus, iron, magnesium, sodium, potassium, iodine, zinc, fluoride

28
Q

Name the main vitamins?

A

A, B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), B12, C (ascorbic acid), D, E, Folic acid, K

29
Q

What is the main function of calcium?

A
  • Needed for blood clotting, bone, nerve and muscle formation
30
Q

What is the main function of phosphorus?

A
  • Aids in bone formation and used to make ATP, DNA, RNA and phospholipids
31
Q

What is the main function of iron?

A
  • Required for enzyme reaction, RBC formation and function
32
Q

What is the main function of Magnesium?

A
  • Normal functioning of muscle and nervous tissue, formation of bone, aids other enzymes
33
Q

What is the main function of sodium?

A
  • Essential for nerve and muscle function and maintaining fluid balance
34
Q

What is the main function of potassium?

A
  • Conduction of action potentials in neurons and muscle tissue
35
Q

What is the main function of iodine?

A
  • Required for thyroid hormone synthesis
36
Q

What is the main function of zinc?

A
  • Growth, wound healing, taste and appetite, reproductive function, protein digestion, helps other enzymes
37
Q

What is the main function of fluoride?

A

Improve tooth structure (enamel)

38
Q

Absorption of nutrients occurs primarily in the

A

Small intestine

39
Q

The nerves that control the digestive system are located in which tissue layer of the digestive tract?

A

Submucosa

BNNS502 Nursing Science 2 Part 1 (13 decks)

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