Accessory Organs: Liver, gall bladder, pancreas Flashcards
Which quadrant is the liver located in?
Right hypochondriac and part of the epigastric region
Where is the gall bladder?
Rests in a depression in the inferior surface of the right lobe of the liver
The liver is composed of hexagonal units called?
Loblues
What liver cells are arranged in rows that contain large amounts of RER, SER gogi complexes and mitochondria?
Hepatocytes
What are the 7 functions of the liver?
- Produces bile
- Phagocytosis of RBC & bacteria
- Processes nutrients from the digestive system
- Stores iron, glycogen & vitamins
- Produces heat
- Detoxification of drugs, alcohol, converts ammonia to urea
The ______ artery branches from the aorta providing oxygenated blood?
Hepatic
___ ___ vein brings nutrient-rich (but oxygen poor) blood to the liver from the digestive system?
Hepatic portal
___ ___ takes deoxygenated blood to the inferior vena cava?
Hepatic vein
List the contents of bile?
Water, HCO-3, bile salts, bile pigments
State the pH of bile and if this is alkaline or acidic. Explain why this would be?
pH 7.6-8.6 = Alkaline
Alkaline help to neutralise the acid gastric juices as it enters the duodenum
Describe the functions of bile
- The bicarbonates neutralise the acidic from the gastric contents
- The bile salts emulsify fats from the diet the enable chemical digestion of fats by digestive enzymes
- Bile contains pigments for excretion from the body - mainly bilirubin from the phagocytosis of of blood cells and excess cholesterol from the liver
Explain the role of pancreatic juice in relation to digestion?
- To produce digestive enzymes to assist with the chemical digestion of carbohydrates, proteins and fats
- Pancreatic juice also contains HCO3- to neutralise gastric acid
Name the structure that stores bile?
Bile flows into the gall bladder where it is stored and concentrated
Describe the anatomical position of the pancreas
Located posterior to the stomach in the epigastric region
Consider the homeostatic imbalances that would occur with liver disease?
- Skin turns yellow from bile
- Build up of toxins
- Feeling cold
- Itchy skin
State the function of the stellate reticuloendothelial (Kupffer’s) cells?
Remove debris like bacteria and worn and blood cells, from the blood as it flows past
Name the cells that produce bile?
Bile is produced by the hepatocytes in the liver
Name the two blood vessels that supply the liver & the vein that exits the liver?
- Hepatic artery and Hepatic portal Vein
- Hepatic Vein exits the liver
State what stimulates the production of bile?
- Bile is produced when there is fatty chyme in the GI tract
Describe the pathway of bile from the liver to the duodenum
- Right and left hepatic duct – common hepatic duct – common bile duct – duodenum
Describe the main function of bile?
- To excrete bilirubin from phagocytosis of aged RBC & cholesterol
- Bile salts emulsify triglycerides to increase the surface area for the digestive enzymes to chemically digest triglycerides for absorption
In correct sequence from the beginning name the three portions of the small intestine?
- Duodenum
- Jejunum
- Ileum
Describe two functions of the small intestine?
- Digestion and absorption occurs
Name the four structural features of the small intestine?
- Circular folds
- Villi
- Microvilli
- Length of the intestines
State the overall function of the circular folds?
Force chyme to spiral through the lumen, slowing it’s movement and allowing more time for absorption
State the overall function of the Villi?
- Are finger-like projections of the mucosa. Contain blood capillaries, and lacteals for fat absorption
State the overall function of the Microvilli?
Tiny projections of the plasma membrane of the cells on the surface of the villi. Required for secretion of intestinal enzymes and absorption of nutrients
State four functions of the large intestine?
- To complete the absorptions of water, ions and vitamins
- Production and absorption of vitamin K and some B vitamins by bacteria
- Movement of contents of the colon to the rectum
- Formation of faeces
The cystic duct is attached to the?
Gallbladder
The ducts of the pancreas and liver connect to the digestive tract at the?
duodenum
The finger-like projections of the small intestine that give the mucosa a velvety appearance and greatly increase the surface area are called?
Villi
The main substance in bile that aids in the digestion of triglycerides is?
Bile salts
The space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum is the _____ cavity?
Peritoneal
