Accessory Organs: Liver, gall bladder, pancreas

Question 1

Which quadrant is the liver located in?

Answer 1

Right hypochondriac and part of the epigastric region

Question 2

Where is the gall bladder?

Answer 2

Rests in a depression in the inferior surface of the right lobe of the liver

Question 3

The liver is composed of hexagonal units called?

Answer 3

Loblues

Question 4

What liver cells are arranged in rows that contain large amounts of RER, SER gogi complexes and mitochondria?

Answer 4

Hepatocytes

Question 5

What are the 7 functions of the liver?

Answer 5

• Produces bile
• Phagocytosis of RBC & bacteria
• Processes nutrients from the digestive system
• Stores iron, glycogen & vitamins
• Produces heat
• Detoxification of drugs, alcohol, converts ammonia to urea

Question 6

The ______ artery branches from the aorta providing oxygenated blood?

Answer 6

Hepatic

Question 7

___ ___ vein brings nutrient-rich (but oxygen poor) blood to the liver from the digestive system?

Answer 7

Hepatic portal

Question 8

___ ___ takes deoxygenated blood to the inferior vena cava?

Answer 8

Hepatic vein

Question 9

List the contents of bile?

Answer 9

Water, HCO-3, bile salts, bile pigments

Question 10

State the pH of bile and if this is alkaline or acidic. Explain why this would be?

Answer 10

pH 7.6-8.6 = Alkaline

Alkaline help to neutralise the acid gastric juices as it enters the duodenum

Question 11

Describe the functions of bile

Answer 11

• The bicarbonates neutralise the acidic from the gastric contents
• The bile salts emulsify fats from the diet the enable chemical digestion of fats by digestive enzymes
• Bile contains pigments for excretion from the body - mainly bilirubin from the phagocytosis of of blood cells and excess cholesterol from the liver

Question 12

Explain the role of pancreatic juice in relation to digestion?

Answer 12

• To produce digestive enzymes to assist with the chemical digestion of carbohydrates, proteins and fats
• Pancreatic juice also contains HCO3- to neutralise gastric acid

Question 13

Name the structure that stores bile?

Answer 13

Bile flows into the gall bladder where it is stored and concentrated

Question 14

Describe the anatomical position of the pancreas

Answer 14

Located posterior to the stomach in the epigastric region

Question 15

Consider the homeostatic imbalances that would occur with liver disease?

Answer 15

• Skin turns yellow from bile
• Build up of toxins
• Feeling cold
• Itchy skin

Question 16

State the function of the stellate reticuloendothelial (Kupffer’s) cells?

Answer 16

Remove debris like bacteria and worn and blood cells, from the blood as it flows past

Question 17

Name the cells that produce bile?

Answer 17

Bile is produced by the hepatocytes in the liver

Question 18

Name the two blood vessels that supply the liver & the vein that exits the liver?

Answer 18

• Hepatic artery and Hepatic portal Vein

- Hepatic Vein exits the liver

Question 19

State what stimulates the production of bile?

Answer 19

• Bile is produced when there is fatty chyme in the GI tract

Question 20

Describe the pathway of bile from the liver to the duodenum

Answer 20

• Right and left hepatic duct – common hepatic duct – common bile duct – duodenum

Question 21

Describe the main function of bile?

Answer 21

• To excrete bilirubin from phagocytosis of aged RBC & cholesterol
• Bile salts emulsify triglycerides to increase the surface area for the digestive enzymes to chemically digest triglycerides for absorption

Question 22

In correct sequence from the beginning name the three portions of the small intestine?

Answer 22

• Duodenum
• Jejunum
• Ileum

Question 23

Describe two functions of the small intestine?

Answer 23

• Digestion and absorption occurs

Question 24

Name the four structural features of the small intestine?

Answer 24

• Circular folds
• Villi
• Microvilli
• Length of the intestines

Question 25

State the overall function of the circular folds?

Answer 25

Force chyme to spiral through the lumen, slowing it’s movement and allowing more time for absorption

Question 26

State the overall function of the Villi?

Answer 26

• Are finger-like projections of the mucosa. Contain blood capillaries, and lacteals for fat absorption

Question 27

State the overall function of the Microvilli?

Answer 27

Tiny projections of the plasma membrane of the cells on the surface of the villi. Required for secretion of intestinal enzymes and absorption of nutrients

Question 28

State four functions of the large intestine?

Answer 28

• To complete the absorptions of water, ions and vitamins
• Production and absorption of vitamin K and some B vitamins by bacteria
• Movement of contents of the colon to the rectum
• Formation of faeces

Question 29

The cystic duct is attached to the?

Answer 29

Gallbladder

Question 30

The ducts of the pancreas and liver connect to the digestive tract at the?

Answer 30

duodenum

Question 31

The finger-like projections of the small intestine that give the mucosa a velvety appearance and greatly increase the surface area are called?

Answer 31

Villi

Question 32

The main substance in bile that aids in the digestion of triglycerides is?

Answer 32

Bile salts

Question 33

The space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum is the _____ cavity?

Answer 33

Peritoneal