Bone Tissue Flashcards
What are the structures of the long bone?
- Diaphysis
- Epiphyses
- Medullary cavity
- The metaphyses
- Periosteum
Describe Diaphysis?
The Diaphysis is the shaft of a long bone
Describe Epiphyses?
The epiphyses form the proximal & distal ends of a long bone
Describe the medullary cavity?
The Medullary Cavity contains yellow bone marrow & blood vessels
Describe the function of metaphyses?
Growth occurs at the section of the metaphysis
Describe the function of periosteum?
Connective tissue which wraps around the outside of the bone. The outer layer is fibrous and tough and the inner Layer contains osteoblasts which help the bone grown in thickness. It is rich in sensory neurone.
Briefly explain how bones grow in length?
Bones grow in length at the epiphyseal plate. The cartilage in the region of the epiphyseal plate next to the epiphysis continues to grow by mitosis.
Describe the location of the periosteum?
Wraps around the external surface of the bone
State four functions of the periosteum?
- Protects bone
- Point of attachment for ligaments & tendons
- Nourishes bone tissue
- Helps in fracture repair
Name the two types of bone tissue?
Compact bone tissue
Spongy bone tissue
Describe the location of Compact bone tissue?
-Dense, smooth outer layer of the bones
Describe the location of Spongy bone tissue?
- Always in the interior of bones
Describe the function of spongy bone tissue?
Lightweight which means it can be moved by skeletal muscle contraction. Protects bone marrow.
Describe the function of compact bone tissue?
Protection & support of spongy bone, blood vessels and nerves
Describe three structural differences of compact bone tissue?
- Is made up of osteons. This gives the long bones strength.
- Within and between the osteons is the extracellular fluid that contains osteocytes to maintain the bone tissue.
- This enables the exchange of nutrients & oxygen and the removal of waste
What are osteons?
Tiny weight-bearing pillars that have layers of collagen fibres in opposing directions. Each osteon has a central canal that contains blood vessels & a nerve. It is the osteons that give the strength and resistance to compact bone