Skeletal Stem Cells, Hormones, & Growth Factors

Question 1

Surgical Terms

• _____ ____: Tissue transferred from an area adjacent to the defect
• ______ _____: Tissue transferred from the vicinity that does not abut the defects
• ____ _____: Tissue transferred from a non-contiguous anatomic site from the defect
• ______ ____: On very small blood vessels measuring 3-5mm in diameter that is done using a microscope

Answer 1

• Local Flaps
• Regional Flaps
• Distant Flaps
• Microvascular Surgery

Question 2

-Τhe greatest challenge with surgery is _____ and _______ blood flow

Answer 2

-Controlling; returning

Question 3

• In 1998, scientists first extracted ______ stem cells

- ______ ____ ______: Found in 1999 and are located within the bone marrow and can regenerate tissues within the ______

Answer 3

• Embryonic

- Mesenchymal Stem Cells; mesenchyme

Question 4

Terminology

• __ ___: A cell that has the ability to continuously divide and differentiate into various types of cells/tissues
• _______: Creating cells of other types
• _____: “Potens” meaning having power, in this case to give rise to different cell types
• _______: Embryonic blastomeres from fertilization up the 8-cell stage, and is characteristic of _______ stem cells that can develop into an entire organism
• ________: Cells that can form any cell type of embryonic tissue layers (______, _______, ________), and compose the inner cell mass of the ________
• _________: Cells have the potential to differentiate into more than 1 type of specialized cells, like ______ stem cells. _______ stem cells are an example.
• _______: Cells that have the ability to differentiate into a few cells
• _______ _____: Produce terminally differentiated or specialized cells
• _____/______ _____: Have the ability to produce cells of their own type for self-renewal

Answer 4

• Stem cell
• Differentiation
• Potency
• Totipotent; Embryonic
• Pluripotent; Ectoderm; Mesoderm; Endoderm; blastocyst
• Multipotent; adult; Mesenchymal
• Oligopotent
• Progenitor Cells
• Unipotent/Somatic Cells

Question 5

-____ stem cells come from amniotic fluid or ____ tissue

Answer 5

-Fetal; fetal

Question 6

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

• Must be adherent to tissue _____ ____ while being maintained in standard _____ conditions
• Must express: ____, _____, & ____
• Must be able to differentiate __ ____ into: _____, _____, & _______

Answer 6

• Culture plastic; culture
• CD105; CD90; CD73
• in vivo; Osteoblasts; Adipocytes; Chondroblasts

Question 7

-\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_: Branch of translational research tissue engineering and molecular biology, using the process of replacing, engineering, or regenerating human \_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_, or \_\_\_\_\_ to establish normal function
Steps:
1) \_\_\_\_\_
2) Cell \_\_\_\_\_
3) Cell \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
4) Cell \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
5) \_\_\_\_\_: A matrix to house cells
6) \_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_ via stimulation ( growth factors or \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ stimuli)

Answer 7

• Regenerative Medicine; cells; tissues; organs
  1) Biopsy
  2) isolation
  3) cultivation
  4) proliferation
  5) Scaffold
  6) Tissue development; mechanical

Question 8

Hormones

• _____ ____(___): Increases Calcium release from the _____, and Calcium reabsorption from the ______
• ______ ______ ______ (__): Regulates Endochondral bone formation and is produced by most tissues in the body, and is critical in the ________ phase of tooth eruption. Similar effects to PTH but does not increase absorption of Calcium in the ________ or reabsorption in the ________.
• ________: Increases Calcium & Phosphate absorption in the _______
• _______ ______: Tumors that can create hormones produced by the body

Answer 8

• Parathyroid Hormone (PTH); bones; kidney
• Parathyroid Hormone-related Protein (PTHrP); Intraosseous; Intestine; Kidney
• Vitamin D; Intestines
• Neoplasmic Syndrome

Question 9

Growth Factors

• _____ ____ ____(___): Naturally occurring protein found in the human body and 15 have been identified on the basis of amino acid sequence
• FDA approved ______ (Infuse) and ______ was taken off the market
• _____, _____, & ______ display osteoinductive activity, can Can go to mesenchymal stem cells or progenitor cells and tell them to make ____
• ____ ______ ____ ____(___): Potent mitogen of cells in mesenchymal origin (_______ stem cells, ______, Periodontal Ligament ______, and _______), that promote wound ______. Made up as a _____ of A & B polypeptide chains that can combine to form 3 ______. Stored in α-granules of ______, but is also produced by _____, _______, and ______

Answer 9

• Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMP)
• BMP-2; BMP-7
• BMP-2; BMP-4; BMP-7; bone
• Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF); Mesenchymal; Cementoblasts; Fibroblasts; Osteoblasts; healing; dimer; isoforms; platelets; Osteoblasts; macrophages; monocytes