Craniofacial Bone Complex & Joints Flashcards
Human Skeleton -About \_\_\_\_ bones at birth, reduced to \_\_\_\_ by adulthood Axial Bones: -\_\_\_\_: 22 bones plus 9 associated, 1 being the \_\_\_\_\_. Skull bones represent \_\_\_\_% of the whole skeleton, but are far more \_\_\_\_ than the other bones in the body -Torso: \_\_\_\_ bones Appendicular Bones: -\_\_\_\_\_\_ Extremities: 64 bones -\_\_\_\_\_\_ Extremities: 62 bones
- 270; 206
- Skull; Hyoid; 10%; complex
- 52
- Upper
- Lower
-______: Region of the skull that encases the brain, covers and supports it from the bottom like a shelf
-____ _____: The portion of the skull that overlies the brain and forms via ______ Ossification
-____ _____: The portion which underlies the brain and forms via _______ Ossification
Bones (__ total):
-Single bones: _______, ______, ______, and ______ bones
-Bone pairs: _______ and _____
- Neurocranium
- Cranial Vault; Intramembranous
- Cranial Base; Endochondral
- 8
- Frontal; Occipital; Ethmoid; Sphenoid
- Parietal; Temporal
-______: The region of the skull that makes up the bones of the face and protects the ____ organs
Bones (__ total):
-Single bones: ______ and _____-
-Bone pairs: _____, _____, ____, _____ ____ _____, ______, and _____ bones
- Viscerocranium; visceral
- 14
- Mandible; Vomer
- Maxilla; Lacrimal; Zygomatic; Inferior Nasal Conchae; Nasal; Palatine
Embryonic Origins of the Skull
- Bones formed in the anterior half of the skull are from ____ ____ ____ in origin
- Bones formed in the posterior half of the skull are of _____ _____ origin. Includes the ______ bones, ______ _____, and the _____ bone
- The ______ is derived from multiple cell types
- Neural Crest Cells
- Mesoderm Sclerotome; Parietal; Petrous Temporal; Occipital
- Sphenoid
Membranous Bones of the Skull -Bony \_\_\_\_\_ form in multiple sites and begin to grow outwards between weeks \_\_\_\_ in development -\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_: Make up the calvarium of the skull and are each derived from the Primary Ossification Center Bones: -\_\_\_\_\_\_ Bones -\_\_\_\_\_\_ Bone -\_\_\_\_\_\_ Bone -Nasal \_\_\_\_ -\_\_\_\_\_\_ -\_\_\_\_\_\_ -Cervical \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
- Spicules; 6-7
- Membranous Bones
- Occipital
- Parietal
- Frontal
- Bones
- Mandible
- Maxilla
- Vertebrae
Development of the Chondrocranium
- Cartilaginous condensation in the Cranial Base at week ____
- Fully fuses and differentiates at the end of the _____ month of pregnancy or ____ weeks since the initial cartilage formation
- 7
- 2nd; 2
Maxilla
-____ ____: Located in the middle of the bone
Prenatal Growth and Development:
- Maxilla forms within the ____ ______ extending ventrally from the ______/_____ arch
- Formed from _______ ossification in week 7 of development
Postnatal Growth and Development:
1) ________: Deposition and resorption of bone helps to shape the bone. By ____ ____: Bone will be added to the Periosteum (outside) while being removed from the Endosteum (inside) or vice versa, or by ______: Bone is added to one side and gets resorbed on the opposite side, making it appear to move towards the growing side.
2) ______: Growth movements which cause separation of the different bones
- Intermaxillary Suture
- Maxillary Prominences; Branchial/Mandibular
- Intramembranous
1) Remodeling; Cortical Drift; Relocation
2) Displacement
Mandible Prenatal Growth and Development
- Major components of the Mandible are the ____ and ____
- Condylar _____ often get fractured due to trauma
- Develops from ________ and ________ ossification
- The Body is derived from _____ ____: Serves as a positional structure for where the mandible will form, and will regress. This is via _______ ossification
- The Ramus develops from ____ ____: Carrot-shaped cartilage that arises during the 10th week in the region of the _____ on top of bone and gets converted via ______ ossification. Considered to be ______ cartilage
- Body; Ramus
- Necks
- Endochondral; Intramembranous
- Meckel’s Cartilage; Intramembranous
- Condylar Cartilage; Condyles; Endochondral; Secondary
Mandible Postnatal Growth & Development
- Main growth sites: _______ Cartilage, ______ ridge, the ______, and ______ tuberosity
- ______ ______: Functions as ______ cartilage and growth site for future bone, and requires _______ stress for development. Increases the _____ of the Ramus, ______ of the Mandible, and _____ of the inter-Condylar distance
- ______ _____: Bone deposition contributes to the growth of the Body of the Mandible in height, and grows rapidly during tooth ______.
- _____: Periosteal bone apposition and resorption via bone remodeling aids in Mandible growth, with the anterior portion becoming the _______
- Condylar; Alveolar; Ramus; Lingual
- Condylar Cartilage; Secondary; Mechanical; Height; Length; Width
- Alveolar Process; Eruption
- Ramus; Corpus
Order of Growth in the Mandible
1) ______: Completed before adolescent growth spurt that occurs around 12
2) ______: Continues through puberty, girls _____, and ____ for boys
3) _____: Continues into adulthood after the growth spurt, making placing ______ difficult
- Width
- Length; 14-15; 18-19
- Height; implants
Jaw Alignment
- ______: Overgrown Mandible or underdeveloped Maxilla
- ______: Balanced jaw relationship
- ______: Underdeveloped Mandible
- Class III
- Class I
- Class II
- _______: A union between 2 bones by the formation of either______ Cartilage or Fibrocartilage, and is usually______ only existing during the _____ phase.
- Has a _______ direction of growth making it unique
-Synchondrosis; Hyaline; temporary; growing; bi-polar
Midline Synchondroses of the Cranial Base
- _______ _______: Between the Sphenoid and Ethmoid bones that closes at age 6
- _______ _______: Between the Presphenoid and Basis Sphenoid and ____ at birth
- _______ _______: Between the Basis Sphenoid and Basis Occipital, and will contribute the most to midline growth, closing between ages 13-15 when ____ growth is complete
- Speno-ethmoid Synchondrosis
- Intersphenoid Synchondrosis; ossifies
- Spheno-occipital Synchondrosis; brain
-Premature growth arrest of the Cranial Base leads to ____ _____ and reduced mid-facial height
-Midface retrusion
Synovial Joint: TMJ
- The only ____ Synovial Joint in the head that connects the Mandible to the rest of the skull
- Fibrous cartilaginous _____ Disc is a unique feature
- _____ ____ when the Articular Disc is initially in_____ of the Condyle and gets fixed when opening, but will _____ once the Articular Disc returns back in ____ after closing
- The jaw gets _____ when the Articular Disc remains in front of the Condyle preventing it from opening further. Can lead to _____: Surface ______ of the Condyle along with perforation of the _____ ___ and possibly adhesion of the disc to the bone
- Moveable
- Articular
- Clicking noise; front; click; front
- locked; Osteoarthritis; erosion; Articular Disc
