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BS 2 Module 3 > Acquired Metabolic Diseases of Bone > Flashcards

Acquired Metabolic Diseases of Bone Flashcards

1
Q
  • Bone needs an intact ______ supply
  • Interruption of blood supply: ______, or new bone ______
  • ____ _____: Loss of blood to an area of bone
A
  • blood
  • necrosis; deposition
  • Dry Socket
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2
Q

Bone Healing is Uniqe
-New bone from tissue regeneration will ______ with old bone without forming a _______. Due to cell ______ and _______ synthesis

A

-Blend; scar; proliferation; collagen

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3
Q

Bone Homeostasis

  • _____ _____: 1st and 2nd decades of life while growth is still occurring, important before _____ while the bone is still forming
  • _____ _____: Continuous throughout life
  • Bone modeling and remodeling during growth establishes skeletal ______ bone _____. As an adult bone _______ maintains _______ and removes ____ bone
A
  • Bone modeling; birth
  • Bone remodeling
  • Peak; strength; remodeling; strength; damaged
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4
Q

Role of Remodeling Process

  • Allows bone to _____
  • _______ mobilization, by maintaining ______ & ______ homeostasis
  • Mechanical _________ involves the release of more minerals in sites under the most ______
A
  • Blend
  • Calcium; calcium & phosphate
  • Adaptation; stress
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5
Q
  • _______: Resorb bone
  • _______: Deposit the bone matrix
  • _______: Maintain the quality of the bone
  • _______: Cover the surface of the bone
  • _________(__): Group of cells collaboratively & sequentially involved in bone _________
A
  • Osteoclasts
  • Osteoblasts
  • Osteocytes
  • Bone lining cells
  • Bone Remodeling Unit (BRU); remodeling
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6
Q

-Disorders of bone can be due to: ______, ______, & _____ constituents

A

-Minerals; proteins; cellular

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7
Q

Dysregulation of Major Function

  • _________: Support and muscular attachment
  • _________: Protect vital organs and bone marrow (contains bone cells)
  • _________: Ion reserve and serum homeostasis
A
  • Mechanical
  • Protective
  • Metabolic
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8
Q

Disorders of Bone Minerals

  • __________
  • __________
  • __________ Osteodystrophy
  • __________ disease
  • __________ _______ (Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva)
A
  • Osteoporosis
  • Osteomalacia
  • Renal
  • Paget’s
  • Ectopic Calcifiation
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9
Q

Disorders of Bone Cells

  • ______ dysplasia
  • Skeletal _______
A
  • Fibrous dysplasia

- Skeletal metastasis

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10
Q

Disorders of Bone Proteins & Enzymes

  • __________ Imperfecta
  • ___________
A
  • Osteogenesis Imperfecta

- Hypophosphatasia

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11
Q

Drug-Induced Metabolic Bone Disease

-___________ __________ Jaw ________

A

-Antiresorptive Induced Jaw Osteonecrosis

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12
Q
  • _________: Porous bones, aka bones with holes leading to ________ bone strength leading to an increase in _________. Characterized by too little bone ________ or excessive bone _______; possibly both!
  • Loss of bone tissue is associated with deterioration in skeletal _________
  • Affects __________ people in the US
  • __________ can strike at _____ age
  • _________: low bone mass not yet converted to osteoporosis, and _________ people in the US are at an increased risk
A
  • Osteoporosis; decreased; fractures; formation; deterioration
  • Microarchitecture
  • 10 million
  • Osteoporosis; any
  • Osteopenia; 34 million
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13
Q

Osteoporosis-related Fractures
-________ annually
- At an age ≥ ____: ____% are women and ___% are men
-Hip fractures: __________ annually, where ______ will die within a year
-Annual healthcare cost is ______
Major Challenge is the ______ Population
-By 2020 ______ Americans will be ___ or older
-By 2040 _______ people worldwide will be __ or older

A
  • 1.5 million
  • 50; 50%; 25%
  • 80,000 men; 1/3rd
  • $14 billion
  • Aging
  • 52 million; 65
  • 68 million; 65
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14
Q

Symptoms of Osteoporosis

  • ________ bone loss, a ______ disease
  • Bone ______ due to low impact trauma
  • Collapsed ________ resulting in severe _____ pain; loss of _____, and _______ deformities
A
  • Asymptomatic; silent
  • Fractures
  • Vertebrae; back; height; spinal
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15
Q

Osteoporosis is a ________ Systemic Disease

  • Low bone ___/___
  • _________ deterioration of bone tissue/____
  • Increased bone ______
  • Consequent increase in ________ risks
  • ______ & treatable
A
  • Progressive
  • mass/quality
  • Micro-architectural; quality
  • Fragility
  • Fracture
  • PREVENTABLE
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16
Q

Loss of Bone Strength in Osteoporosis:

  • Fewer bone _______ decreases bone ______
  • Thin and _________ bone trabeculae
  • Increase in _____ infiltration decreasing bone ______
  • ALL lead to an increase in bone _______
A
  • Trabeculae; density
  • Disjointed
  • fatty; quality
  • fractures
17
Q

Mechanisms of Cancellous Bone Loss of Osteoporosis

  • Increased activation frequency leading to high bone ______
  • Remodeling imbalance resulting in ______ resorption and/or _______ formation
  • Dysregulated bone _______
  • _______ bone loss due to decreased [Estrogen], resulting in ______ NOT being inhibited
A
  • Turnover
  • Increased; decreased
  • Remodeling
  • Menopausal; Osteoclasts
18
Q

Age-Related Osteoporosis

  • ______ tend to have _____ dense bone formation than _____
  • ______ & ______ have an effect on peak bone mass
  • ______ are more susceptible to osteoporosis than ____
A
  • Women; less; men
  • Age & gender
  • Women; men
19
Q

-______/Vitamin _ deficiency also lead to a decrease in bone ____/_______

A

-Calcium; Vitamin D; mass/quality

20
Q

Bone Mass Measurements

  • ________ (___): Predictor of osteoporotic fracture risk, and is measured by ______ ____ ______ (___)
  • Standard deviation is the ______, a decrease of 1 in bone mass at the ___, ____, or ____ is associated with a ______ of fracture risk
  • Women with a BMD < ______ below the mean for a young adult are classified as ________
A
  • Bone Mineral Density (BMD); Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA)
  • T-Score; spine; hip; wrist; doubling
  • (-2.5 SD); Osteoporotic
21
Q
  • Osteoporosis and ______ disease share common etiological factors: ____ & _____
  • _______ attachment loss increases with _____
  • ______ tend to lose their teeth before ____ due to: ____, ______, & _______
A
  • Periodontal; age & gender
  • Tooth; age
  • Women; men; age; gender; Osteoporosis
22
Q

Renal _________

  • ______ acts on the kidneys and bones, the kidney will try to conserve ____ and convert _______ to its active form to increase ________ absorption. High [____] inhibits _____ synthesis and stimulation
  • _______ damage prevents the formation of active _____ and thus _______ absorption, resulting in an increase in serum ________
  • Dysregulated bone _______ and _______ homeostasis
A
  • Osteodystrophy
  • PTH; Calcium; Vitamin D; Calcium; [Calcium]; PTH
  • Kidney; Vitamin D; Calcium; Phosphate
  • Turnover; mineral
23
Q

-Abnormalities of mineralization of ______ or bone cause Rickets/_______. Along with Vitamin __ deficiency, ______ deficiencies like with decreases in [______] causing hypophosphatasia, and the presence of ______ inhibitors like ________

A

-Cartilage; Osteomalacia; Vitamin D; Enzyme; ALKPase; mineralization; Aluminum

24
Q
  • _______: Primarily in children before skeletal maturity due to the pre-closure of ______ growth plates, where weight causes the bone to _____ and the legs to ____
  • _______: Primarily occurs in adults due to the post-closure of _______ growth plates resulting in easily _______ bones
  • _______ can be treated with ________, while ______ cannot and has no cure
A
  • Rickets; epiphyseal; bend; bow
  • Osteomalacia; epiphyseal; broken
  • Osteomalacia; Vitamin D; Rickets
25
Q

-_____ ______: Tumor-induced ________

A

-Oncogenic Osteomalacia; Osteomalacia

26
Q

Acquired Paraneoplastic Synddrome
-Disorder of bone _____
-______ is common
-Vitamin ___ resistant _______
- Induced by a bone/soft tissue ______
-Metabolic abnormality _______ reversed with ______ removal
Pathophysiology:
-Tumor impedes Vitamin D ______ where ______Vitamin D is converted to _____ Vitamin D
-______ ______ wasting
-Poor bone _____, causing ____, and ______

A
  • Mineral
  • Osteopenia
  • Vitamin D; Osteomalacia
  • Tumor
  • Completely; tumor
  • Metabolism; inactive; active
  • Renal phosphate
  • Mineralization; pain; fractures
27
Q

-______ ______(_____): Secretes Phosphatonin (_____) that targets the ______ renal tubes of the _____. This leads to Phosphate ______ and abnormal _______ metabolism. In the blood there is low ____ levels of ______ and ______ as a result. Will result in _______

A

-Mesenchymal Tumor (PMTMCT); (FGF23); proximal; kidneys; wasting; Vitamin D; serum; phosphorus; Vitamin D; Osteomalacia

28
Q

Bone Histology

-_________ bone appears black, while the surrounding blue is Osteoid that hasn’t been ________

A

-Mineralized; mineralized

29
Q

Skeletal Cancer Metastasis

  • Abnormal bone _______
  • Bone _______ appears radio-________ and _____
  • Bone ________ appears radio-______ and ______
  • Seen in both _______ & ________ cancers
A
  • Metabolism
  • breakdown; radiolucent; lytic
  • deposition; radiopaque; sclerotic
  • Breast & Prostate

BS 2 Module 3 (12 decks)

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