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Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the skeletal system (5)

A
  1. provide framework
  2. protect internal organs
  3. provide red blood cells
  4. movement
  5. stores minerals
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2
Q

How many bones does the human body have?

A

206 bones

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3
Q

2 main groups of the skeletal system:

A
  1. axial skeleton (80): main trunk- skull, spine, ribs, vertebrae, sternum, breast bone
  2. appendicular skeleton (126): extremitis- upper/lower limbs, shoulders, hips
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4
Q

what are the bones made up of?

A

protein called collagen and minerals

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5
Q

2 types of skeletal tissues:

A

compact and spongy bone

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6
Q

tissue that fills the spaces of the bone

A

marrow

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7
Q

2 kinds of marrow

A

red and yellow

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8
Q

produces blood cells to the bone (100 billion per day)

A

red

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9
Q

store fat

A

yellow

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10
Q

4 types of bone:

A
  1. long: legs, arms, etc
  2. short: wrist, ankles, etc
  3. flat: skull, shoulder blade
  4. irregular: face, vertebrae
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11
Q

Strong, flexible connective tissue in joints (serves as cushion)

A

Cartilage

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12
Q

The process by which bone is formed, renewed, and repaired

A

ossification

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13
Q

4 Types of Joints:

A
  1. ball and socket: hip/shoulder
  2. hinge: elbow, knee, ankle, fingers
  3. pivot: head-turn neck
  4. ellipsoidal: “gliding” wrist
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14
Q

elastic connective tissue that attaches bone to bone

A

ligament

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15
Q

fibrous tissue that attaches muscle to bone

A

tendon

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16
Q

how to take care of skeletal system? (4)

A
  1. regular exercise
  2. lots of vitamin D
  3. minerals (calcium & phosphorus)
  4. protective gear
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17
Q

skeletal problems: (3)

A
  1. fracture: break in the bones
  2. Osteoporosis: progressive loss of bone tissue
  3. Scoliosis: a lateral, or side to side, curvature of the spine
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18
Q

bone does not break in the skin

A

closed/simple fracture

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19
Q

bone protruded through the skin

A

open/compound fracture

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20
Q

largest bone

A

femur (upper leg)

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21
Q

smallest bone

A

auditory ossicles (middle ear)

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22
Q

easiest bone to break

A

collar bone

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23
Q

How many muscles is there in a human body?

A

approximately 650 muscle

24
Q

Functions of Muscular system: (4)

A
  1. help you breathe
  2. make your heart beat
  3. move food through digestive system
  4. body movement
25
made up of hundreds of long cells called fibers
muscle
26
use energy slowly
slow twitch (marathons run)
27
use energy quickly
fast twitch (sprint race)
28
the shortening of the muscle
contraction
29
the lengthening/straightening of the muscle
extension
30
muscle that closes the joint
flexer
31
muscle that opens the joint
extensor
32
3 types of muscle tissue:
1. smooth muscle: found in the lining of passageways and internal organs (involuntary organs) 2. skeletal muscle: attached to bone and cause movement (most-voluntary control) 3. cardic muscle: forms the wall of your heart (involuntary organ)
33
How to take care of Muscular system?
regular physical exercise (aerobic and anaerobic)
34
natural tension in muscle fibers
muscle tone
35
list some Muscle problems:
-cramp -bruise -strain -sprain -tendinitis -hernia
36
major muscular diseases:
Muscular dystrophy (inherited)- disorder in which muscle fibers are progressively destroyed Muscular sclerosis- disease in which immune system eats away at the protective covering of nerves
37
largest muscle
gluteus maximus
38
smallest muscle
stapedius
39
treatment for muscle injuries: (4)
R- rest I- ice C- compression E- elevation
40
2 main divisions of nervous system:
1. central nervous system- interprets messages sent from PNS and responds (consists of the brain and spinal cord) 2. peripheral nervous system: gathers information from inside and outside the body (consists of nerves and sensory receptors, includes autonomic)
41
basic units of the nervous system, carry messages, or impulses from one part of the body to another
neuron
42
3 types of neuron:
1. sensory- senses (vision, hearing, touch, smell, taste) 2. motor- movement 3. interneurons- connects sensory and motor neurons
43
3 parts of a neuron
1. cell body- control center 2. dendrites- receive info 3. axons- transmit info
44
controls the activities of the nervous system
brain
45
5 functions of the brain:
1. thoughts 2. remember (memorize) 3. reason 4. muscle movement 5. emotions
46
how many minutes without oxygen can the brain go before suffering damage?
5 minutes
47
3 main divisions of the brain:
1. cerebrum: largest & most complex part 2. cerebellum: 2nd largest part- coordinates movement of skeletal muscle/balance 3. brain stem: 3 inch stalk of nerve cells that connects spine to brain
48
language, reason, analyze data, memory
left brain
49
music, art, relationships
right brain
50
long column of non tissue (highway)
spinal cord
51
(bone) of spinal column protect it
vertebrae
52
automatic, quick reaction to potential harmful situations
reflex action
53
a continuous problem of the nervous system
headache
54
most common headaches?
migraines and tensions
55
ways to avoid headaches:
-reduce/manage stress -less caffeine -more sleep -don’t skip meals
56
ways to treat headaches:
-ibuprofen -hold/cold compresses -triptan (prescription for migraines)

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