Cardiovascular and Respitory Systems Flashcards
Functions of cardiovascular system:
- transport blood through body/cells
- carries oxygen and nutrients to body/cells
- removes carbon dioxide and waste from body/cells
- fights disease
how many heartbeats are there in a lifetime?
2.5 billion
contains a network of blood vessels with 2 loops
CVS (extra info: first loop goes to the rest of the body delivering O2 and nutrients and picks up waste)
four chambers of the heart:
atrium: smaller chambers on top (receives the blood)
ventricle: larger chambers on the bottom (pump blood to the body)
septum: wall of tissue that separate the atria and ventricle
valves: between the atria and ventricles (control blood flow)
delivers oxygen, hormones and nutrients to the cells and carries away waste
blood
process of blood circulation
deoxygenated blood is carried to the right side of the heart by way of vena cava- blood enters the right side of the heart and then flows to the lungs where it deposits carbon dioxide and other waste and picks up oxygen. Blood then flows to the left side of the heart where it is pumped to the entire body
oxygen carrying protein in the blood cells
hemoglobin
what is the main role of WBC’s
to protect body against infections
types of blood vessels:
- arteries: blood vessels that take blood away from the heart
- capillaries: smallest vessels that connects arteries to veins/surrounding tissues
- veins: blood vessels that return blood to the heart
4 major arteries:
aortic: main artery (heart)
femoral: leg artery
brachial: artery in the arms
carotid: artery of neck/head
the force with which the blood pushes against the walls of your blood vessels
blood pressure
normal range of blood pressure:
90/60 to 119/79
low range of blood pressure:
lower than 90/60
high range of blood pressure:
140/90
high blood pressure
hypertension
how much blood does an adult usually have
4-6 quarts
4 components of blood:
plasma: liquid component- 55%
red blood cells: the cells that carry the O2
white blood cells: cells that fight off disease
platelets: clots the blood
blood types
A, B, AB, O
if blood cells have the RH factor, your blood is said to be RH positive or negative?
positive (85% of people are RH positive)
in case of injury, surgery or illness
transfusion
universal donor type (needed most in blood banks)
O negative
most common blood type
O positive
rarest blood type
AB negative
cardiovascular diseases:
1.hypertension: high blood pressure (asymptomatic-no symptoms)
2. blood cholesterol: carried on lipoprotein
3. coronary heart disease: hardening/thickening of the arteries due to plaque build up
4. heart attack: blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle
5. stroke: damage to the brain from blockage/rupture of its blood supply to the brain
causes of cardiovascular disease:
- smoking
- too much saturated fats/diet
- little exercise
- alcohol
prevention:
- exercise
- low-fat/plant-based diet
- avoid smoking
functions of respiratory system:
- bring oxygen into the body
- removes carbon dioxide from the body
gas exchange process:
alveoli- at the end of small tubes in lungs- tiny sacs called alveoli (where gases are exchanged) *oxygen/carbon dioxide
breathing process:
inhalation: air flows in/diaphragm (dome shaped muscle)
exhalation: air goes out/diaphragm
how to keep a healthy respiratory system:
- avoid smoking
- avoid air pollution
- exercise
- healthy body weight
common respiratory problems:
asthma: respiratory disorder where airways become inflamed, creating excess mucous
bronchitis: inflation of the mucous membranes lining the bronchi
pneumonia: lung inflammation caused by a bacterial or viral infection, in which the air sacs are filled with pus
