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*Anatomy Reviews > Skeletal, Muscular, & Cardiovascular Systems > Flashcards

Skeletal, Muscular, & Cardiovascular Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Where is bone marrow produced? (2)

A
  1. Spongy bones

2. End of long bones (there’s a bit of spongy bone in there)

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2
Q

State the number of true, false, and floating ribs we have. (3)

A
  1. True ribs = 7
  2. False ribs = 5
  3. Floating ribs = 2
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3
Q

List the 5 types of white blood cells and state their main functions. (5)

A
  1. Neutrophils - phagocytize bacteria
  2. Lymphocytes - immunity and production of antibodies
  3. Monocytes = cleans up debris and phagocytosis of old tissue
  4. Eosinophils - kills parasites; allergic reactions
  5. Basophils - allergy symptoms (heparins + histamines)
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4
Q

List the 5 functions of the skeletal system. (5)

A
  1. Support
  2. Protection
  3. Movement
  4. Storage (fat, minerals, calcium)
  5. Hematopoeisis
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5
Q

List the 5 functions of the muscular system. (5)

A
  1. Provide movements
  2. Maintain posture and body position
  3. Stabilize joints
  4. Generate heat
  5. Protection
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6
Q

A lack of what compound will cause the heart to stop beating?

A

Potassium

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7
Q

What do the purkinje fibers do?

A

Cause the ventricles of the heart to contract

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8
Q

What is the medical term for heart attack?

A

Myocardial infarction

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9
Q

Which chambers are known as the receiving chambers?

A

Left and right atrium

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10
Q

Which chambers are known as the pumping chambers?

A

Left and right ventricle

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11
Q

Define: anemia

A

Lacking in blood; decreased number of red bloodcells

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12
Q

What is the name of the node known as the pacemaker of the heart?

A

Sinoatrial node (SA node)

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13
Q

List the 4 layers of the heart from inner to outer (4)

A
  1. Endocardium
  2. Myocardium
  3. Epicardium
  4. Pericardium
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14
Q

Define: pericardium

A

Double-walled membranous sac that encloses the heart

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15
Q

Define hemophilia

A

Hereditary bleeding disorders that result from a lack of any of the factors needed for clotting

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16
Q

What is blood made up of and in what percentages? (2)

A
  1. Plasma (55%)

2. Formed elements (45%)

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17
Q

What is the most numerous formed element?

A

Erythrocytes

18
Q

Define: acetylcholine

A

Neurotransmitter that stimulates skeletal muscle fibers

19
Q

Define: tetanus

A

Condition that causes the muscles to go into uncontrollable spasms

20
Q

What happens to a muscle when it is no longer stimulated by nerves?

A

Atrophy

21
Q

What is the name of the process in which pyruvic acid is converted to lactic acid?

A

Anaerobic glycolysis and lactic acid formation

22
Q

How do antagonist muscles move?

A

Opposite to the movement of the prime mover

23
Q

What is the muscle responsible for causing a particular movement?

A

Prime mover

24
Q

What happens when a muscle contracts?

A

The insertion moves towards the origin

25
Q

Define: synovial joint

A

Fully movable joint

26
Q

What does a comminuted fracture result in?

A

Many broken pieces

27
Q

What is a long bone also known as?

A

Diaphysis

28
Q

Differentiate between compact bones and spongy bones. (2)

A
  1. Compact bones - dense and looks smooth and homogenous (same kind)
  2. Spongy bones - small, needle-like pieces of bones and lots of open space (bone marrow production)
29
Q

What kind of bones belong to the axial skeleton?

A

Bones that form the longitudinal axis

30
Q

What 3 things does the skeletal system include? (3)

A
  1. Joint
  2. Ligaments
  3. Cartilage
31
Q

What is the cavity of the shaft a storage area for in adults and what is it also called? (2)

A
  1. Adipose tissue

2. Yellow marrow

32
Q

Define: rickets

A

Deficiency in vitamin D and calcium

33
Q

What is the longest bone in the body?

A

Femur

34
Q

What hormone determines if a bone is to be broken down for the release of calcium?

A

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

35
Q

What is the cavity of the shaft called if is it forming red blood cells?

A

Red marrow

36
Q

Define: scoliosis

A

Abnormal curvature of the spine

37
Q

What muscle type is found in the hollow organs?

A

Smooth muscle

38
Q

Differentiate between insertion and origin. (2)

A
  1. Insertion = movable attachment of a muscle

2. Origin = attachment of a muscle that remains relatively fixed during a muscle contraction

39
Q

What is the only bone in the body that is not attached by a joint?

A

Hyoid

40
Q

Differentiate between adduction and abduction. (2)

A
  1. Adduction = towards the body midline

2. Abduction = away from thebody

41
Q

Define: circumduction

A

Proximal end is stationary and distal end rotates

42
Q

Define: peristalsis

A

Wave-like muscle contractions that move food, liquids, and other materials down the digestive tract

*Anatomy Reviews (7 decks)

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