Intro to Anatomy

Question 1

Define: histology

Answer 1

Study of tissues

Question 2

Define: pathology

Answer 2

Study of diseases

Question 3

Define: anatomy

Answer 3

Study of the structure and shape of the body, its parts, and their relationships with one or another

Question 4

Differentiate between ventral and dorsal. (2)

Answer 4

1. Ventral = front

2. Dorsal = back

Question 5

Differentiate between anterior and posterior. (2)

Answer 5

1. Anterior = towards the front

2. Posterior = towards the back

Question 6

Differentiate between proton and electron. (2)

Answer 6

1. Proton = subatomic particles that are POSITIVELY (+) charge
2. Electron = subatomic particles that are NEGATIVELY (-) charged

Question 7

Define: cephalic

Answer 7

Of the head

Question 8

Define: ribosomes

Answer 8

Organelles which synthesize proteins

Question 9

Differentiate between DNA and RNA. (2)

Answer 9

1. DNA = deoxyribonucleic acid; genetic information or blueprint of an organism
2. RNA = ribonucleic acid; carries information or commands

Question 10

Differentiate between osmosis, passive transport, and active transport. (3)

Answer 10

1. Osmosis = passive diffusion of water through a membrane
2. Passive transport = movement of substances through a membrane WITHOUT cellular energy
3. Active transport = movement of substances through a membrane WITH cellular energy

Question 11

What do all organic compounds have?

Answer 11

Carbon

Question 12

Define: diaphragm

Answer 12

Sheet of muscle inferior to the lungs

Question 13

What are the 3 types of matter? (3)

Answer 13

1. Solids
2. Liquids
3. Gases

Question 14

What does the ventral cavity contain? (4)

Answer 14

1. Thoracic cavity
2. Abdominal cavity
3. Pelvic cavity
4. Diaphragm

Question 15

What does the dorsal cavity contain? (2)

Answer 15

1. Spinal cavity

2. Cranial cavity

Question 16

What is potential energy also?

Answer 16

Stored energy

Question 17

What is the main function of tendons?

Answer 17

Attaching muscle to bone

Question 18

List 3 things calcium is required for. (3)

Answer 18

1. Muscle contractions
2. Blood clotting
3. Bone strength

Question 19

What is the most abundant inorganic compound in the body?

Answer 19

Water

Question 20

What does it mean for a compound to be “inorganic”?

Answer 20

The compound DOES NOT contain carbon

Question 21

List 3 things protein is used for. (3)

Answer 21

1. Construction
2. Cell function
3. Producing antibodies

Question 22

What compound is the main fuel source for ATP?

Answer 22

Glucose

Question 23

What attaches bone to bone?

Answer 23

Ligaments

Question 24

What kind of organelle would the liver have an abundance of and why? (2)

Answer 24

1. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

2. Break down lipids

Question 25

What does the golgi apparatus do?

Answer 25

Package proteins for export

Question 26

What acts as the raincoat for the body?

Answer 26

Epithelium (skin)

Question 27

List the 4 muscle types.

Answer 27

1. Cardiac muscle 2. Skeletal muscle 3. Nervous muscle 4. Smooth muscle

Question 28

Define: homeostasis

Answer 28

The balance of bodily systems, particularly in temperature, acidity, and solute to solvent ratio (water balance); bodily equilibrium

Question 29

What is metabolism?

Answer 29

The sum of all chemical reactions within body cells

Question 30

What 3 things are included in metabolism? (3)

Answer 30

1. Provides energy 2. Breaking down of complex substances 3. Uses nutrients and oxygen to create ATP

Question 31

What is connective tissue used for?

Answer 31

Protect, support, abd bind together other tissues

Question 32

List the 6 levels of structural organization. (6)

Answer 32

1. Chemical 2. Cellular 3. Tissue 4. Organ 5. Organ system 6. Organismal body

Question 33

What % of the body is composed of water?

Answer 33

60-80%

Question 34

What is responsiveness also known as?

Answer 34

Irritability

Question 35

Differentiate between a symptom and a sign. (2)

Answer 35

1. Symptom = abnormality reported by the patient | 2. Sign = abnormality observed by another person (the doctor)

Question 36

Differentiate between local and systemic. (2)

Answer 36

1. Local = confined to a small area of the body | 2. Systemic = acts on more than a small area of the body