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*Anatomy Reviews > Full Review Part III > Flashcards

Full Review Part III Flashcards

1
Q

What hormone are secondary sex characteristics in females stimulated by?

A

Estrogen

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2
Q

Define: spermatogenesis

A

Production of sperm

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3
Q

Where is sperm produced?

A

In the seminiferous tubules

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4
Q

Define: acquired immunity

A

Immunity obtained either naturally or artificially due to exposure to antigens

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5
Q

What does innate immunity act as and what are 2 examples of this? (3)

A
  1. Innate immunity = first line of defense
  2. Cough reflex
  3. Enzymes in tears and skin oil
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6
Q

What does TSH stand for?

A

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

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7
Q

What does CSF stand for?

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

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8
Q

What does LH stand for?

A

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

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9
Q

What do CNS, PNS, and ANS stand for? (3)

A
  1. CNS = central nervous system
  2. PNS = peripheral nervous system
  3. ANS = autonomic nervous system
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10
Q

What does HcG stand for?

A

Human chorionic gonadotropin

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11
Q

What does PTH stand for?

A

Parathyroid hormone

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12
Q

What does ATP stand for?

A

Adenosine triphosphate

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13
Q

What does LDL and HDL stand for, and which one is good?

A
  1. LDL = low-density lipoprotein
  2. HDL = high-density lipoprotein
  3. LDL = good
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14
Q

Define: negative feedback

A

Stimuli which provokes a change in a variable such that the body must change the variable back to the normal or optimal state/values

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15
Q

State 2 examples of negative feedback. (2)

A
  1. Body temperature

2. Glucose levels

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16
Q

Are all homeostatic mechanisms positive or negative feedback mechanisms?

A

Negative feedback mechanisms

17
Q

Differentiate between left and right brain. (2)

A
  1. Left = analytical

2. Right = artistic

18
Q

Define: mastication

A

Process of chewing

19
Q

How many sections is the small intestines divided into and what are they called? (4)

A
  1. Three sections
  2. Duodenum
  3. Jejunum
  4. Ileum
20
Q

Differentiate between osmosis and passive transport (diffusion). (2)

A
  1. Osmosis is the passive transport of WATER ONLY

2. Diffusion is the movement of something through a membrane passively (no energy required)

21
Q

What 2 parts of the digestive tract have no other digestive functions other than being pathways? (2)

A
  1. Esophagus

2. Pharynx

22
Q

What kind of contractions are provided by smooth muscles?

A

Slow contractions

23
Q

List the 3 hormones that signal the parietal cells to secrete HCl (hydrogen chloride). (3)

A
  1. Gastrin
  2. Histamine
  3. Acetylcholine
24
Q

What hormone is calcium reabsorption controlled by?

A

Parathyroid hormone

25
Q

What is aldosterone secreted in response to?

A

Low potassium levels or high sodium levels

26
Q

Are digestive enzymes produced mostly by the intestines?

A

No

27
Q

Define: process

A

Structure that protrudes out of a bone

28
Q

Are yellow bone marrow formed at the ends of long bones?

A

No

29
Q

What are carbohydrates stored in the body as?

A

Glycogen

30
Q

What part of the brain mediates emotional responses?

A

Hypothalamus

31
Q

What are memory cells?

A

Immunocompetent lymphocytes created during an infection

32
Q

A lack of what chemical in particular may cause the heart to stop (for anatomy exam purposes)?

A

Potassium

33
Q

What do some microvilli have on their surfaces and what does this aid in? (2)

A
  1. Enzymes

2. Digesting proteins and lipids

34
Q

What organ has a major influence on the pH of the blood?

A

Kidneys

35
Q

Differentiate between oliguria, anuria, and dysuria. (3)

A
  1. Oliguria = abnormal urine output (100-400mL/ 24hrs)
  2. Anuria = excessively low urine production (less than 100mL/ 24hrs)
  3. Dysuria = painful urination
36
Q

What does myoglobin do?

A

Store oxygen for muscle cells to use

37
Q

What is oxygen stored in for muscle cells to use?

A

Myoglobin

38
Q

What are the nerve fibers that carry signals TOWARDS the brain called?

A

Sensory neurons (afferent nerves)

*Anatomy Reviews (7 decks)

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