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*Anatomy Reviews > Full Review Part II > Flashcards

Full Review Part II Flashcards

1
Q

What is the master control system?

A

Nervous system

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2
Q

What is the control center?

A

Central nervous system (brain)

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3
Q

What is the master gland?

A

Anterior pituitary gland

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4
Q

List the 2 subdivisions of the motor neuron division. (2)

A
  1. Somatic (voluntary)

2. Autonomic (involuntary)

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5
Q

Define: myocardium

A

Heart muscle; muscular, middle layer of the heart responsible for the heart’s beating

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6
Q

What are the gametes produces by the ovaries?

A

Ova

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7
Q

Name the 4 main regions of the brain. (4)

A
  1. Frontal
  2. Parietal
  3. Temporal
  4. Occipital
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8
Q

What is the largest lymphatic organ?

A

Spleen

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9
Q

What colour do lymph nodes appear to be?

A

Clear

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10
Q

List the 5 antibodies. (5)

A
  1. IgM
  2. IgA
  3. IgD
  4. IgG
  5. IgE
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11
Q

How many chromosomes do gametes contain? (1)

A

23 chromosomes

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12
Q

What surrounds the urethra and may potentially strangle it?

A

Prostate

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13
Q

What are bile salts mainly made out of?

A

Cholesterol

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14
Q

What hormone controls sperm maturation?

A

Testosterone

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15
Q

What hormone stimulates the sperm production and testosterone release, and what gland is it released from? (2)

A
  1. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone

2. Released from the hypothalamus

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16
Q

Where does fertilization occur?

A

Uterine tubes (aka fallopian tubes)

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17
Q

What does cerebrospinal fluid, serous fluid, and lymph have in common?

A

They are all usually clear fluids

18
Q

What is it called when the immune system isn’t able to differentiate between self and non-self?

A

Autoimmune disorder/disease

19
Q

List the 5 parts of the pathway that electrical signals in a normal heart takes. (5)

A
  1. Sinoatrial node (SA node)
  2. Atrioventricular node (AV node)
  3. Bundle of his
  4. L and R branches of the bundle of his
  5. Purkinje fibers
20
Q

Name the part of the body that returns blood from below the diaphragm back to the heart.

A

Inferior vena cava

21
Q

What artery supplies the heart muscles with oxygen?

A

Coronary artery

22
Q

List the 3 parts of the diencephalon. (3)

A
  1. Epithalamus
  2. Thalamus
  3. Hypothalamus
23
Q

What is the lowest part of the brain stem called?

A

Medulla oblangata

24
Q

Where does perception occur in the brain?

A

Cerebral cortex

25
Q

What important aspect of understanding occurs in the cerebral cortex?

A

Perception

26
Q

What condition describes the clogging of blood vessels by fatty deposits?

A

Atherosclerosis

27
Q

Where does gas exchange take place?

A

Respiratory zone

28
Q

What gland produces both insulin and glucagon?

A

Pancreas

29
Q

How are insulin and glucagon related?

A 
Insulin = decrease blood sugar levels
Glucagon = increase blood sugar levels

They regulate blood sugar levels by working as antagonists to each other.

30
Q

What is produced by the breakdown of heme?

A

Bilirubin

31
Q

What 2 types make up 90% of all the leukocytes? (2)

A
  1. Neutrophils

2. Lymphocytes

32
Q

Define: calcitonin

A

Hormone secreted by the t thyroid gland which regulates calcium and potassium levels (calcium metabolism)

33
Q

What 2 scenarios would aldosterone be secreted in? (2)

A
  1. Low blood levels of potassium

2. High blood levels of sodium

34
Q

Define: glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

A

Amount of filtrate formed by the kidneys per minute

35
Q

What is the amount of filtrate formed by the kidneys per minute called?

A

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

36
Q

What is edema and what 2 ways can it be caused? (3)

A
  1. Edema is excessive fluid in the tissue space
  2. Water leaves the bloodstream and enters the tissue space because of low sodium in the blood (blood is dilute)
  3. Inflammation occurs, causing 2 layers of the skin to rub and form a blister
37
Q

What is the formula giving the cardiac output?

A

Cardiac output = heart rate X stroke volume

Cardiac output is measured in volume/min

38
Q

What is chyme?

A

Mixture of partially digested foods and liquids

39
Q

Define: passive immunity

A

Immunity obtained through the antibodies of another human or animal

40
Q

How much of the blood plasma is composed of albumin?

A

60%

41
Q

What are the 2 main functions of the Loop of Henle (nephron loop)? (2)

A
  1. Reabsorb water

2. Reabsorb salt

*Anatomy Reviews (7 decks)

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