Full Review Part II Flashcards
What is the master control system?
Nervous system
What is the control center?
Central nervous system (brain)
What is the master gland?
Anterior pituitary gland
List the 2 subdivisions of the motor neuron division. (2)
- Somatic (voluntary)
2. Autonomic (involuntary)
Define: myocardium
Heart muscle; muscular, middle layer of the heart responsible for the heart’s beating
What are the gametes produces by the ovaries?
Ova
Name the 4 main regions of the brain. (4)
- Frontal
- Parietal
- Temporal
- Occipital
What is the largest lymphatic organ?
Spleen
What colour do lymph nodes appear to be?
Clear
List the 5 antibodies. (5)
- IgM
- IgA
- IgD
- IgG
- IgE
How many chromosomes do gametes contain? (1)
23 chromosomes
What surrounds the urethra and may potentially strangle it?
Prostate
What are bile salts mainly made out of?
Cholesterol
What hormone controls sperm maturation?
Testosterone
What hormone stimulates the sperm production and testosterone release, and what gland is it released from? (2)
- Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
2. Released from the hypothalamus
Where does fertilization occur?
Uterine tubes (aka fallopian tubes)
What does cerebrospinal fluid, serous fluid, and lymph have in common?
They are all usually clear fluids
What is it called when the immune system isn’t able to differentiate between self and non-self?
Autoimmune disorder/disease
List the 5 parts of the pathway that electrical signals in a normal heart takes. (5)
- Sinoatrial node (SA node)
- Atrioventricular node (AV node)
- Bundle of his
- L and R branches of the bundle of his
- Purkinje fibers
Name the part of the body that returns blood from below the diaphragm back to the heart.
Inferior vena cava
What artery supplies the heart muscles with oxygen?
Coronary artery
List the 3 parts of the diencephalon. (3)
- Epithalamus
- Thalamus
- Hypothalamus
What is the lowest part of the brain stem called?
Medulla oblangata
Where does perception occur in the brain?
Cerebral cortex
What important aspect of understanding occurs in the cerebral cortex?
Perception
What condition describes the clogging of blood vessels by fatty deposits?
Atherosclerosis
Where does gas exchange take place?
Respiratory zone
What gland produces both insulin and glucagon?
Pancreas
How are insulin and glucagon related?
Insulin = decrease blood sugar levels Glucagon = increase blood sugar levels
They regulate blood sugar levels by working as antagonists to each other.
What is produced by the breakdown of heme?
Bilirubin
What 2 types make up 90% of all the leukocytes? (2)
- Neutrophils
2. Lymphocytes
Define: calcitonin
Hormone secreted by the t thyroid gland which regulates calcium and potassium levels (calcium metabolism)
What 2 scenarios would aldosterone be secreted in? (2)
- Low blood levels of potassium
2. High blood levels of sodium
Define: glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
Amount of filtrate formed by the kidneys per minute
What is the amount of filtrate formed by the kidneys per minute called?
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
What is edema and what 2 ways can it be caused? (3)
- Edema is excessive fluid in the tissue space
- Water leaves the bloodstream and enters the tissue space because of low sodium in the blood (blood is dilute)
- Inflammation occurs, causing 2 layers of the skin to rub and form a blister
What is the formula giving the cardiac output?
Cardiac output = heart rate X stroke volume
Cardiac output is measured in volume/min
What is chyme?
Mixture of partially digested foods and liquids
Define: passive immunity
Immunity obtained through the antibodies of another human or animal
How much of the blood plasma is composed of albumin?
60%
What are the 2 main functions of the Loop of Henle (nephron loop)? (2)
- Reabsorb water
2. Reabsorb salt
