Full Review Part II

Question 1

What is the master control system?

Answer 1

Nervous system

Question 2

What is the control center?

Answer 2

Central nervous system (brain)

Question 3

What is the master gland?

Answer 3

Anterior pituitary gland

Question 4

List the 2 subdivisions of the motor neuron division. (2)

Answer 4

1. Somatic (voluntary)

2. Autonomic (involuntary)

Question 5

Define: myocardium

Answer 5

Heart muscle; muscular, middle layer of the heart responsible for the heart’s beating

Question 6

What are the gametes produces by the ovaries?

Answer 6

Ova

Question 7

Name the 4 main regions of the brain. (4)

Answer 7

1. Frontal
2. Parietal
3. Temporal
4. Occipital

Question 8

What is the largest lymphatic organ?

Answer 8

Spleen

Question 9

What colour do lymph nodes appear to be?

Answer 9

Clear

Question 10

List the 5 antibodies. (5)

Answer 10

1. IgM
2. IgA
3. IgD
4. IgG
5. IgE

Question 11

How many chromosomes do gametes contain? (1)

Answer 11

23 chromosomes

Question 12

What surrounds the urethra and may potentially strangle it?

Answer 12

Prostate

Question 13

What are bile salts mainly made out of?

Answer 13

Cholesterol

Question 14

What hormone controls sperm maturation?

Answer 14

Testosterone

Question 15

What hormone stimulates the sperm production and testosterone release, and what gland is it released from? (2)

Answer 15

1. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone

2. Released from the hypothalamus

Question 16

Where does fertilization occur?

Answer 16

Uterine tubes (aka fallopian tubes)

Question 17

What does cerebrospinal fluid, serous fluid, and lymph have in common?

Answer 17

They are all usually clear fluids

Question 18

What is it called when the immune system isn’t able to differentiate between self and non-self?

Answer 18

Autoimmune disorder/disease

Question 19

List the 5 parts of the pathway that electrical signals in a normal heart takes. (5)

Answer 19

1. Sinoatrial node (SA node)
2. Atrioventricular node (AV node)
3. Bundle of his
4. L and R branches of the bundle of his
5. Purkinje fibers

Question 20

Name the part of the body that returns blood from below the diaphragm back to the heart.

Answer 20

Inferior vena cava

Question 21

What artery supplies the heart muscles with oxygen?

Answer 21

Coronary artery

Question 22

List the 3 parts of the diencephalon. (3)

Answer 22

1. Epithalamus
2. Thalamus
3. Hypothalamus

Question 23

What is the lowest part of the brain stem called?

Answer 23

Medulla oblangata

Question 24

Where does perception occur in the brain?

Answer 24

Cerebral cortex

Question 25

What important aspect of understanding occurs in the cerebral cortex?

Answer 25

Perception

Question 26

What condition describes the clogging of blood vessels by fatty deposits?

Answer 26

Atherosclerosis

Question 27

Where does gas exchange take place?

Answer 27

Respiratory zone

Question 28

What gland produces both insulin and glucagon?

Answer 28

Pancreas

Question 29

How are insulin and glucagon related?

Answer 29

``` Insulin = decrease blood sugar levels Glucagon = increase blood sugar levels ``` They regulate blood sugar levels by working as antagonists to each other.

Question 30

What is produced by the breakdown of heme?

Answer 30

Bilirubin

Question 31

What 2 types make up 90% of all the leukocytes? (2)

Answer 31

1. Neutrophils | 2. Lymphocytes

Question 32

Define: calcitonin

Answer 32

Hormone secreted by the t thyroid gland which regulates calcium and potassium levels (calcium metabolism)

Question 33

What 2 scenarios would aldosterone be secreted in? (2)

Answer 33

1. Low blood levels of potassium | 2. High blood levels of sodium

Question 34

Define: glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

Answer 34

Amount of filtrate formed by the kidneys per minute

Question 35

What is the amount of filtrate formed by the kidneys per minute called?

Answer 35

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

Question 36

What is edema and what 2 ways can it be caused? (3)

Answer 36

1. Edema is excessive fluid in the tissue space 2. Water leaves the bloodstream and enters the tissue space because of low sodium in the blood (blood is dilute) 3. Inflammation occurs, causing 2 layers of the skin to rub and form a blister

Question 37

What is the formula giving the cardiac output?

Answer 37

Cardiac output = heart rate X stroke volume | Cardiac output is measured in volume/min

Question 38

What is chyme?

Answer 38

Mixture of partially digested foods and liquids

Question 39

Define: passive immunity

Answer 39

Immunity obtained through the antibodies of another human or animal

Question 40

How much of the blood plasma is composed of albumin?

Answer 40

60%

Question 41

What are the 2 main functions of the Loop of Henle (nephron loop)? (2)

Answer 41

1. Reabsorb water | 2. Reabsorb salt