Skeletal Muscles

Question 0

Muscle types coordination - 4 plus compartment

Answer 0

Prime mover or agonist - moves bone
Antagonist - stretches and yields, on opposite side
Synergist - stabilizes intermediate joints during movement
Fixators - stabilize origin
Compartment - group of muscles, blood vessels, nerves with common function. Ex flexor compartment anterior, extensor posterior.

Question 1

3 lever classes and examples

Answer 1

First class EFL - head on vertebral column
Second class ELF - standing on toes
Third class FEL - elbow

Question 2

Fascicle arrangement - 7

Answer 2

Parallel - sternohyoid
Fusiform - parallel but tapers toward tendon - digastric muscle
Circular - orbicularis oculi
Triangular - pectoralis major
Uni-pennate - fascicles one side of tendon - extensor digitorum longus
Bi-pennate - both sides feather - rectus femoris
Multi-pennate - fascicles from many directions - deltoid

Question 3

Characteristics used to name muscles - 7

Answer 3

Direction - orientation to midline
Size - relative size
Shape - relative shape
Action - principle action
Number of origins
Location - near what structure
Origin and insertion

Question 4

Characteristics direction 3

Answer 4

Rectus - parallel to midline
Transverse - perpendicular to midline
Oblique - diagonal to midline

Question 5

Characteristics size 10

Answer 5

Maximus - largest
Minimus - smallest
Longus - long
Brevis - short
Latissimus - widest
Longissimus - longest
Magnus - large
Major - larger
Minor - smaller
Vastus - huge

Question 6

Characteristics shape 10

Answer 6

Deltoid - triangular
Trapezius - trapezoid
Serratus - saw-tooth
Rhomboid - diamond shape
Orbicularis - circular
Pectinate - comblike
Piriformis - pear shape
Platys - flat
Quadratus - square, four sided
Gracilis - slender

Question 7

Characteristics action 11

Answer 7

Flexor - decreases joint angle
Extensor - increases joint angle
Abductor - moves bone away from midline
Adductor - moves bone closer to midline
Levator - raises or elevates body part
Depressor - lowers or depresses body part
Supinator - turns palm anteriorly
Pronator - turns palm posteriorly
Sphincter - decreases size of an opening
Tensor - makes body part rigid
Rotator - rotates bone around longitudinal axis

Question 8

Characteristics number of origins 3

Answer 8

Biceps - two
Triceps - three
Quadriceps - four

Question 9

Head facial expressions 10

Answer 9

Orbicularis oris - close and protrude lips, kiss
Zygomaticus major - smile
Zygomaticus minor - raise upper lip
Buccinator - cheek against lips, mastication
Occipitofrontalis frontal belly - raises eyebrows
Occipital belly - draws scalp posteriorly
Platysma - depress mandible, draw lower lip inferior, pout
Orbicularis oculi - close eye
Corrugator supercilli - draw eyebrow down, vertical wrinkle forehead, frown
Epicranial aponeurosis / galea aponeurosis - connect epicranial muscles, protect top of head

Question 10

Head move mandible 3

Answer 10

Masseter - close mouth, chew
Temporalis - close mouth, retract mandible
Lateral pterygoid - open mouth

Question 11

Neck anterior strap 4 + move head 1

Answer 11

Infrahyoid: strap muscles:
Omohyoid - depresses hyoid
Sternohyoid - depresses hyoid
Sternothyroid - depresses thyroid
Thyrohyoid - depresses hyoid

Sternocleidomastoid - flex or laterally flex head, rotate head

Question 12

Abdomen muscles 5

Answer 12

Rectus abdominis - flex vertebral column, compress abdomen
External oblique - flex vertebral column, compress abdomen
Internal oblique - flex vertebral column, compress abs
Transversus abdominis - compress abdomen
Linea alba

Question 13

Assist in breathing thorax 3 plus openings 3

Answer 13

Diaphragm - inhale, exhale
External intercostals - contract inhale
Internal intercostals - contract exhale
Aortic hiatus
Esophageal hiatus
Caval opening

Question 13

Pelvic floor 2

Answer 13

Levator ani - resist abdomen pressure

External anal sphincter - keeps anal canal closed

Question 14

Thorax muscles move pectoral girdle 6

Answer 14

Pectoralis minor - abduct and rotate down
Serratus anterior - abduct and rotate up
Trapezius - rotate up, adduct, depress
Levator scapulae - elevates and rotates down
Rhomboid major - elevate, adduct, rotate down
Rhomboid minor - elevate, adduct, rotate down

Question 14

Scapula movements 6

Answer 14

Elevation - superior movement
Depression - inferior movement
Abduction / protraction - lateral and anterior, as in pushup, punching
Adduction / retraction - medial and posterior, as in rowing
Upward rotation - move inferior angle lateral, so glenoid moves up, as in jumping jack
Downward rotation - move inferior angle medial, so glenoid moves down, as in gymnast on parallel bars

Question 15

Thorax muscles that move humerus 7

Answer 15

Pectoralis major - adducts and medially rotates arm
Latissimus dorsi - swimmer, extends arm, adducts, medially rotates
Deltoid - abduct arm
Suprasinatus - assist deltoid in abduct arm
Infraspinatus - laterally rotate arm
Teres major - extend arm, assist in adduction
Teres minor - laterally rotate and extend arm

Question 16

Rotator cuff 4

Answer 16

Subscapularis
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor

Question 17

Arm muscles move radius and ulna 4

Answer 17

Biceps brachii - flex arm and forearm, supinate forearm
Brachialis - flex forearm
Brachioradialis - flex, supinate, pronate forearm
Triceps brachii - extend forearm and arm

Question 18

Wrist tendon 2, thumb and little finger muscles 7

Answer 18

Flexor retinaculum - carpal tunnel - medial nerve
Extensor retinaculum
Thenar - thumb
Abductor pollicis brevis
Opponens pollicis
Flexor pollicis brevis
Adductor pollicis
Hypothenar - little finger
Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Opponens digiti minimi

Question 19

Back muscle - largest

Answer 19

Erector spinae

Question 20

Gluteal region, move femur 5

Answer 20

Gluteus maximus - extend thigh, laterally rotate thigh
Gluteus medius - abduct thigh, medially rotate
Adductor longus - adducts, flexes, rotates thigh
Gracilis - adducts thigh, medially rotates, flexes leg
Tensor fasciae latae

Question 21

Femoral triangle contains 3

Answer 21

Femoral nerve - lateral
Femoral artery
Femoral vein

Bounded by inguinal ligament, adductor longus, sartorius

Question 22

Anterior thigh muscles 6 + ligament

Answer 22

Quadriceps femoris- extend leg
Rectus femoris - also flex thigh
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius
Tendon of quads to patella to patellar ligament

Sartorius - tailor’s muscle - weakly flex leg, weakly flex, abducts, laterally rotates thigh

Question 23

Posterior thigh muscles 3

Answer 23

Hamstrings - flex leg and extend thigh
Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus

Question 24

Lower leg 5

Answer 24

Anterior - tibialis anterior - dorsiflex foot, inverts foot supinate

Posterior
Gastrocnemius - plantar flex foot, flex knee
Soleus - plantar flex foot
Plantaris - plantar flex foot, flex knee
Calcaneal tendon - achilles