Nerves 13

Question 0

Layers of meninges

Answer 0

Dura mater outside
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater

Question 1

Spinal tap where

Answer 1

Btw l3-l4 or l4-l5, below chord, to subarachnoid space to get CSF

Question 2

Top and bottom of chord, meninges, below chord

Answer 2

Top medulla oblongata
Bottom chord L2
Bottom meninges S2
Conus medullaris to filum terminale - extension of pia mater
Nerves below L2 cauda equina - horse tail

Question 3

Plexus and important nerves 4

Answer 3

Cervical plexus - C1-C5 - phrenic nerve to diaphragm
Brachial plexus - C5-T1 - musculocutaneous, axillary, median, radial, ulnar
Lumbar plexus - L1-L4 - femoral, genitofemoral
Sacral plexus - L4-S4 - sciatic (common fibular, tibial)

Question 4

Spinal chord internal anatomy 9

Answer 4

Posterior sensory, anterior motor
Posterior white column
Lateral white column
Anterior white column
Anterior white commissure connect right and left
Anterior gray horn
Lateral gray horn - autonomic
Gray commissure - crossbar
Central canal

Question 5

Nerve coverings 3

Answer 5

Epineurium
Perineurium
Endoneurium

Question 6

Branches of spinal nerves 3

Answer 6

Posterior ramus
Anterior ramus
Meningeal branch - back to vertebral cavity

Question 7

Dermatomes, 2 important

Answer 7

Area of skin provides sensory input to one spinal nerve pair
T4 - nipple line
T9 - umbilical

Question 8

Reflexes 9

Answer 8

Stretch reflex - contraction in response to stretching
Tendon reflex - cause muscle relax before tendon rips
Flexor and crossed extensor reflexes - flexor withdraws from pain, crossed extensor stiffens other leg to keep from falling
Patellar reflex - stretch knee jerk
Achilles reflex - stretch ankle jerk
Babinski sign - gentle stroke causes great toe extend, up to 1.5 yrs
Plantar flexion reflex - negative babinski, curl toes, after 1.5 yrs
Abdominal reflex - stroke side of abdomen, abs contract
Pupillary light reflex - both eyes constrict when light shine in one

Question 9

Plegias 5 and sections 2

Answer 9

Monoplegia - paralysis of one limb
Diplegia - paralysis of both upper or both lower limbs
Paraplegia - paralysis of both lower limbs
Quadriplegia - paralysis of all four limbs
Hemiplegia - paralysis of both limbs on one side and trunk
Complete transection - cut of spinal chord all the way through
Hemisection - partial transection on left or right

Question 10

Number of spinal and cranial nerves

Answer 10

31 spinal pairs 8 12 5 5 1

12 cranial pairs