Individual Skeletal Muscles Flashcards
Temporalis
Origin: temporal bone
Insertion: coronoid process and ramus of mandible
Action: elevates and retracts mandible
Orbicularis oculi
Origin: medial wall of orbit
Insertion: circular path around orbit
Action: closes eye
Masseter
Origin: maxilla and zygomatic arch
Insertion: angle and ramus of mandible
Action: elevates mandible
Buccinator
Origin:alveolar processes of maxilla and mandible and pterygomandibular raphe
Insertion: orbicularis oris
Action: presses cheeks against teeth, draws corner of mouth laterally, assists in mastication
Zygomaticus major
Origin: zygomatic bone
Insertion: skin at angle of mouth and orbicularis oris
Action: draws angle of mouth superior and lateral, smiling
Zygomaticus minor
Origin: zygomatic bone
Insertion: upper lip
Action: raises upper lip exposing upper teeth
Orbicularis oris
Origin: muscle fibers surrounding opening of mouth
Insertion: skin at corner of mouth
Action: closes and protrudes lip kissing, compresses lip against teeth, shapes lips during speech
Sternocleidomastoid
Origin: sternal head, manubrium, clavicular head, medial clavicle
Insertion: mastoid process of temporal, lateral superior nuchal line of occipital
Action: bilaterally flex cervical portion of neck, extend head at joint. Unilaterally laterally flex head and neck to side and rotate
Platysma
Origin: facia over deltoid and pectoralis major muscles
Insertion: mandible
Action: tenses skin of neck, draws outer part of lower lip inferior and posterior as in pout, depresses mandible
Trapezius
Origin: superior nuchal line of occipital and c7 to t12
Insertion: clavicle and acromion and spine of scapula
Action: upward rotate scapula, adduct scapula, stabilize scapula
Deltoid
Origin: acromial of clavicle and scapula, spine of scapula
Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Action: abduct arm, flex and medially rotate arm, extend and laterally rotate arm
Supraspinatus
Origin: supraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
Action: assist deltoid in abducting arm
Infraspinatus
Origin: infraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
Action: laterally rotate arm
Teres major
Origin: inferior angle of scapula
Insertion: medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
Action: extend arm, assist in adduction and medial rotation of arm
Teres minor
Origin: inferior lateral border of scapula
Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
Action: laterally rotate and extend arm
Rhomboid major, minor
Origin: major t2 to t5, minor c7 to t1
Insertion: vertical border of scapula inferior to spine
Action: stabilize scapula, elevates and adducts scapula and rotates down
Latissimus dorsi
Origin: t7 to l5, sacrum, ilium, ribs 9-12
Insertion:intertubercular sulcus of humerus
Action: extends, adducts, medially rotates arm, draws arm inferior and posterior
Triceps brachii
Origin: scapula, humerus, humerus
Insertion: olecranon
Action: extends forearm at elbow, arm
Biceps brachii
Origin: scapula above glenoid, coracoid process of scapula
Insertion: radial tuberosity, bicipital aponeurosis
Action: flexes forearm, supinates forearm, flexes arm
Brachialis
Origin: distal anterior humerus
Insertion: ulnar tuberosity and coronoid process of ulna
Action: flexes forearm
Brachioradialis
Origin: lateral distal humerus
Insertion: superior to styloid process of radius
Action: flexes forearm, supinates and pronates forearm to neutral
Flexor retinaculum
Thick deep fascia at palm side of wrist. Hold in flexor tendons, median nerve.
Pectoralis major
Origin: clavicle, sternum, costal cartilages 2-6
Insertion: humerus
Action: flex, adducts, and medially rotates arm (whole), extends flexed arm to side of trunk
Pectoralis minor
Origin: ribs 2-5
Insertion: coracoid process of scapula
Action: abducts scapula and rotates down
Serratus anterior
Origin: ribs 1-9
Insertion: vertebral border, scapula
Action: abducts/protracts scapula and rotates up. Boxers muscle
Intercostals
Origin: internal lower rib, external upper rib
Insertion: upper rib, lower rib
Action: exhalation, inhalation
transversus abdominis
Origin: iliac crest, inguinal ligament, lumbar fascia, ribs 5-10
Insertion: xiphoid process, linea alba, pubis
Action: compresses abdomen
external oblique
Origin: ribs 5-12
Insertion: iliac crest and linea alba
Action: bilaterally compress abdomen, unilaterally laterally flex and rotate vertebral column
Rectus abdominis
Origin: pubic crest and pubic symphysis
Insertion: cartilage of ribs 5-12, xiphoid process
Action: flex vertebrae column, compresses abdomen to aid in pee, defecate, forced exhale, childbirth
Diaphragm
Origin: xiphoid process, costal cartilages and ribs 7-12, lumbar vertebrae
Insertion: central tendon
Action: inhalation, exhalation
Internal oblique
Origin: iliac crest, inguinal ligament
Insertion: linea alba, cartilage of ribs 5-12
Action: compress abdomen, laterally flex and rotate vertebral column
Gluteus medius
Origin: ilium
Insertion: greater trochanter of femur
Action: abducts thigh, medially rotates thigh
Gluteus maximus
Origin: iliac crest, sacrum, coccyx, aponeurosis of sacrospinalis
Insertion: iliotibial tract, gluteal tuberosity under greater trochanter
Action: extends thigh, laterally rotates thigh, helps lock knee
Sartorius
Origin: anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion: medial tibia
Action: weakly flexes leg at knee, weakly abducts, flexes, laterally rotates thigh at hip
Adductor longus
Origin: pubic crest and pubic symphysis
Insertion: linea aspera of femur
Action: adducts and flexes thigh, medially rotates thigh
Gracilis
Origin: pubis
Insertion: tibia
Action: adducts thigh, medially rotates thigh, flexes leg at knee
Calcaneal (achilles) tendon
Origin: soleus and gastrocnemius
Insertion: calcaneus
Action: plantar flex
Gastrocnemius
Origin: lateral and medial condyles of femur, capsule of knee
Insertion: calcaneus
Action: plantar flexes foot, flexes leg at knee
Soleus
Origin: head of fibula, medial tibia
Insertion: calcaneus
Action: plantar flexes foot
Tibialis anterior
Origin: lateral condyle and body of tibia, interosseous membrane
Insertion: metatarsal 1 and first cuneiform
Action: dorsiflexes foot and supinates foot
Rectus femoris
Origin: anterior inferior iliac spine
Insertion: patella then tibial tuberosity
Action: extend leg at knee, flex thigh at hip
Vastus lateralis
Origin: greater trochanter of femur
Insertion: patella then tibial tuberosity
Action: extend leg at knee
Quadriceps femoris (4x)
Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedius
Vastus medialis
Vastus medialis
Origin: linea aspera of femur
Insertion: patella then tibial tuberosity
Action: extend leg at knee
Vastus intermedius
Origin: anterior and lateral femur
Insertion: patella then tibial tuberosity
Action: extend leg at knee
Hamstrings (3x)
Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Biceps femoris
Origin: ischial tuberosity, linea aspera of femur
Insertion: head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia
Action: flexes leg at knee, extends thigh at hip
Semitendinosus
Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: proximal medial tibia
Action: flexes leg at knee, extends thigh at hip
Semimembranosus
Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: medial condyle of tibia
Action: flexes leg at knee, extends thigh at hip
Thenar (3x)
Abductor pollicis brevis
Opponens pollicis
Flexor pollicis brevis
Adductor pollicis
Hypothenar eminence (3x)
Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Opponens digiti minimi
Strap (ribbon) muscles (4x)
Omohyoid
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid
Rotator (musculotendinous) cuff (4x)
Subscapularis Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor Nearly complete circle of flat tendons from these 4 muscles, strengthen and stabilize.
