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Pharmacology > Skeletal Muscle Relaxants-9 > Flashcards

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants-9 Flashcards

1
Q

Biologic drug

A

A substance made from a living organism or its products used to prevent or treat disease

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2
Q

Black box warning (boxed warning)

A

A warning that appears in the instructions for use surrounded by a thick black box to alert medical professionals to serious or life-threatening adverse effects associated with the drug usage

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3
Q

Blepharospasm

A

Involuntary blinking or spasm of the eyelid

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4
Q

Botulism

A

 A life-threatening illness caused by the bacteria clostridium botulinum

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5
Q

Centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant

A

drug that inhibits the skeletal muscle contraction by blocking conduction within the spinal cord

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6
Q

Depolarizing blocker

A

Produces paralysis by first causing nerve transmission, followed by inhibition of nerve transmission

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7
Q

Dysphagia

A

Difficulty swallowing

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8
Q

Dysphonia

A

Difficulty speaking due to a physical disorder with the mouth, tongue, throat, or vocal cords

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9
Q

Dystonia

A

 A movement disorder in which muscles contract and spasm involuntarily

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10
Q

Fasciculation

A

Twitchings of muscle fiber groups

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11
Q

Hyperhidrosis

A

Condition of excessive sweating

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12
Q

Hyperthermia

A

 abnormally high body temperature

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13
Q

Incompatibility

A

undesirable interaction of drugs not suitable for combination or administration together

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14
Q

Intrathecal

A

Space around the brain and spinal cord that contains the cerebrospinal fluid

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15
Q

Malignant hyperthermia

A

 condition and susceptible individuals resulting in a life-threatening elevation in body temperature

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16
Q

Mitochondria

A

Normal structures responsible for energy production in cells

17
Q

Myelin

A

The fatty substance that covers and protects nerves and allows efficient conduction of action potentials down the axon

18
Q

Myofilaments

A

Minute fibers located throughout the cytoplasm of cells, composed of the protein Acton, that maintain the structural integrity of the cell

19
Q

Neuromuscular junction NMJ

A

Area where the motor neuron axon terminals meets the muscle tissue

20
Q

Neurotoxin

A

A substance that is destructive to nerve tissue

21
Q

Nicotinic muscle receptor

A

Cholinergic receptor located at the neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscle

22
Q

Nondepolarizing blocker

A

Produces paralysis by inhibiting nerve transmission

23
Q

Peripheral skeletal muscle relaxant

A

drug that inhibits muscle contraction at the neuromuscular junction or within the contractile process

24
Q

Potentiates

A

Produces an action that is greater than either of the components can produce alone; synergy

25
Q

Sarcolemma

A

A thin membrane enclosing a striated (skeletal) muscle fiber

26
Q

Sarcoplasm

A

The cytoplasm of a striated (skeletal) muscle fiber

27
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Specialized organelle in the muscle cell that releases calcium ions during muscle contraction and absorbs calcium ions during relaxation

28
Q

Schwann cell

A

 any cell that covers the axons in the peripheral nervous system and forms to myelin sheath

29
Q

Spasmolytics

A

Drugs that relieve, interrupt, or prevent muscle spasms (intermittent muscle contractions often associated with pain)

30
Q

Spread effect

A

Condition in which the intramuscularly injected substance moves out of the area of administration and produces an effect on other tissues

31
Q

Strabismus

A

Condition in which the eyes are not aligned in point in different directions, cross-eyed

32
Q

Synaptic cleft

A

Space (synapse)between a motor nerve ending in a skeletal muscle membrane that contains acetylcholine ACH receptors

33
Q

Synaptic knob

A

Contains vesicles the store and release neurotransmitters

34
Q

Synaptic vesicles

A

A small membrane-bound structure in the axon terminals of nerve cells that contains neurotransmitters and releases them when an action potential reaches the terminal

35
Q

Vagolytic action

A

Inhibition of the vagus nerve to the heart, causing the heart rate to increase (counteraction to vagal tone that causes bradycardia)

36
Q

Vasodilator

A

Substance that relaxes the muscles (sphincters) controlling blood vessels, leading to increased blood flow

Pharmacology (23 decks)

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