Skeletal Disorders Flashcards
Signs
Can be measured
Symptoms
What the PATIENT is experiencing or feeling
Etiology
The Cause/Assessment
Treatment
Plan
The different types of “trauma” to a bone (4)
Fractures
Dislocations
Sprains
Strains
An obvious bone deformity or misalignment is a __________
sign
Pain that continues beyond 10 days is _____
Symptom
Continued swelling is a _______
Sign
Indications of infection (pus, redness, fever streaks) is a ________
Sign
Fractures are the most _________ traumatic injury to a bone.
common
Common types of fractures are (4)
Greenstick
Closed/Simple
Open/Compound
Comminuted
Greenstick Fracture are the _________ type of fracture
simplest
Greenstick fracture is ______________________ b/c their bones contain flexible cartilage
Common among children
Closed/Simple Fracture. (Definition)
Broken ends do not pierce through the skin
Open/Compound Fracture (Definition)
Broken ends pierce and protrude through the skin
Comminuted Fracture (Defintion)
Splintered or broken into many pieces
Closed Reduction (Definition)
Bony fragments are brought into alignment by manipulation and then a CAST or SPLINT is applied
Open Reduction (Definition)
Through SURGICAL INTERVENTION devices such as wires, metal plates, or screws are used to hold the bone in alignment
Traction (Definition)
PULLING FORCE used to hold the bones in place
What are the 3 ways to Repair Fractured Bones?
Closed Reduction, Open Reduction, Traction
What is the first step in the healing process?
Begins immediately, A blood clot forms from broken blood vessels within the bone
What is the second step in the healing process?
In a few days, new blood vessels begin to grow and bring special repair cells to the site. Collagen replaces the clot and holds the bone fragments in place.
What is the third step in the healing process?
A callus is formed that mineralizes the collagen which makes it stiffen and turn into woven bone
What is the fourth step in the healing process?
The woven bone is replaced with stronger lamellar bone. After 3 months it is 80% at normal strength however will continue to heal for up to 12-18 months
What is meant by the term reduction/reduce
The act of putting fractured bones back in proper alignment so the ends meet
Dislocations (Definition)
When bone is displaced from its proper position in a joint.
Sprain (definition)
overstretching or tearing of a ligament. Injury to the joint HOWEVER joint is not dislocated
Strain (Definition)
Overstretching or tearing of muscle
Hammer Toe (Definition)
Toe that’s curled (flexed)
Bunion
Bony bump that forms at the base joint of big toe
Arthritis (defintion)
General umbrella term
What are the most common forms of arthritis? (2)
Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Auto-immune disease
Osteoarthritis
Degenerative joint disease
What causes osteoarthritis
Normal wear and tear from aging
Osteoporosis (define)
Decreased bone mass
What is another name for osteoporosis?
Silent Disease
Why do people get shorter as they age? (What disease is it linked to also)
Osteoporosis and compression fractures
Gout
Build up of uric acid crystals
Rickets
lack of Vitamin D
Slipped (Herniated) dis
Cartilage disc ruptures or protrudes out of place and places pressure on the spinal nerve
Whiplash
Trauma to the cervical vertebra
What does MVA stand for?
Motor Vehicle Accident
Kyphosis
Hunchback, Often seen in elderly people
Lordosis
Swayback, Often seen in pregnant women
Scoliosis
Side to side or lateral curvature of spine
Osteomyelitis
Infection of bone, most common in children 5-14
Osteosarcoma
Tumor, Bone cancer. Most common sight is just above knee
Arthroscopy
Examination of a joint using an arthroscope with fiber optic lens, most knee injuries are treated with arthroscopy.
