skeletal and muscular system

Question 1

functions of skeleton

Answer 1

shape and support
movement
protection
blood production

Question 2

types of bones

Answer 2

long, short, irregular, flat

Question 3

explain function of skeleton: shape and support

Answer 3

skeleton forms frame for muscles to attach and organs to sit. flat bones best for muscle attachment

Question 4

explain function of skeleton: movement

Answer 4

muscles attached to skeleton by tendons. when muscle contracts, pull on bones, creating movement at joint (lever)

Question 5

explain function of skeleton: protection

Answer 5

protect soft, delicate vital organs

Question 6

explain function of skeleton: blood production

Answer 6

centre of some large bones contains red bone marrow, which creates red blood cells

Question 7

explain function of long bones

Answer 7

act as levers to produce a wide range of motion

Question 8

explain function of short bones

Answer 8

provide stability and support, with little movement

Question 9

explain function of flat bones

Answer 9

provide a large surface area for muscles to attach to. they also provide protection for vital organs

Question 10

irregular bones

Answer 10

provide protection and support. shaped to suit specific role

Question 11

what are the joint types

Answer 11

fixed/immovable
slightly movable/cartilaginous
freely movable/synovial

Question 12

describe fixed/immovable joints

Answer 12

fibrous joint, no movement possible

Question 13

describe freely movable/synovial joints

Answer 13

can produce a large ROM but are more susceptible to injury

Question 13

describe slightly movable/cartilaginous joints

Answer 13

can move a small amount as they are linked together by ligaments and cartilage

Question 14

explain function of part of synovial joint: synovial membrane

Answer 14

secretes synovial fluid to keep joint lubricated

Question 15

explain function of part of synovial joint: synovial fluid

Answer 15

acts as a lubricant that reduces friction. allows for smoother movement and reduces wear and tear

Question 16

explain function of part of synovial joint: joint capsule

Answer 16

• seals joint
• provides stability
• surrounds and protects joint, holding bones together

Question 17

explain function of part of synovial joint: ligament

Answer 17

connects bone to bone, stabilising joint

Question 18

explain function of part of synovial joint: cartilage

Answer 18

acts as a shock absorber/cushion, reduces friction

Question 19

explain function of part of synovial joint: tendon

Answer 19

connect muscle to bone, allows movement to occur. enables joint to withstand tension

Question 20

types of synovial joint

Answer 20

ball and socket, hinge

Question 21

describe hinge joints

Answer 21

only allow movement in 1 plane (flexion/extension). more stable, less injury prone

Question 22

describe ball and socket joints

Answer 22

one bone has bulge/ball that fits into a socket in the other bone. allow movement in 3 planes. less stable, more injury prone

Question 23

name the movement pairs

Answer 23

flexion, extension
abduction, adduction
dorsiflexion, plantarflexion
rotation
circumduction

Question 24

what are the main actions of the trapezius

Answer 24

holds and rotates shoulders. moves head backwards and sideways

Question 25

what are the main actions of the deltoids

Answer 25

raises arm forwards, backwards, sideways at the shoulder

Question 26

what are the main actions of the pectorals

Answer 26

adduction and internal rotation at shoulder

Question 27

what are the main actions of the biceps

Answer 27

causes flexion at the elbow

Question 28

what are the main actions of the triceps

Answer 28

causes extension at the elbow

Question 29

what are the main actions of the latissimus dorsi

Answer 29

pulls arm down at shoulder and draws it behind back

Question 30

what are the main actions of the abdominals

Answer 30

causes spine to flex to bend forward. create pull in abdomen

Question 31

what are the main actions of the hip flexors

Answer 31

flexion of the leg at hip

Question 32

what are the main actions of the gluteals

Answer 32

extension and abduction of leg at hip

Question 33

what are main actions of quadriceps

Answer 33

causes extension at the knee

Question 34

what are the main actions of the hamstrings

Answer 34

causes flexion at the knee

Question 35

what are the main actions of the gastrocnemius

Answer 35

plantarflexion

Question 36

what are the main actions of the tibialis anterior

Answer 36

dorsiflexion

Question 37

where is the origin and insertion of biceps

Answer 37

origin: scapula (shoulder)
insertion: radius (elbow)

Question 38

where is the origin and insertion of triceps

Answer 38

origin: scapula (shoulder)
insertion: ulna (elbow)

Question 39

where is the origin and insertion of hamstring

Answer 39

origin: femur (hip)
insertion: tibia (knee)

Question 40

where is the origin and insertion of quadriceps

Answer 40

origin: femur (hip)
insertion: tibia (knee)

Question 41

where is the origin and insertion of tibialis anterior

Answer 41

origin: tibia (knee)
insertion: tarsals (ankle)

Question 42

where is the origin and insertion of gastrocnemius

Answer 42

origin: femur (knee)
insertion: as the achilles tendon to the heel (ankle)

Question 43

agonist

Answer 43

the muscle that contracts to create movement

Question 44

antagonist

Answer 44

the muscle that relaxes during movemnt

Question 45

what type of activity are slow twitch muscle fibres suited for and why?

Answer 45

long distance and endurance activities. because they contract slowly over prolonged period of time. generate low level of force and have high resistance to fatigue

Question 46

what type of activity are fast twitch muscle fibres suited for and why?

Answer 46

sprint and power/strength activities, as they contract quickly over short periods of time. generate high level of force, fatigue quickly

Question 47

which muscle fibres are for anaerobic and aerobic respiration?

Answer 47

fast twitch, slow twitch