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sports science > skeletal and muscular system > Flashcards

skeletal and muscular system Flashcards

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1
Q

functions of skeleton

A

shape and support
movement
protection
blood production

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2
Q

types of bones

A

long, short, irregular, flat

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3
Q

explain function of skeleton: shape and support

A

skeleton forms frame for muscles to attach and organs to sit. flat bones best for muscle attachment

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4
Q

explain function of skeleton: movement

A

muscles attached to skeleton by tendons. when muscle contracts, pull on bones, creating movement at joint (lever)

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5
Q

explain function of skeleton: protection

A

protect soft, delicate vital organs

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6
Q

explain function of skeleton: blood production

A

centre of some large bones contains red bone marrow, which creates red blood cells

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7
Q

explain function of long bones

A

act as levers to produce a wide range of motion

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8
Q

explain function of short bones

A

provide stability and support, with little movement

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9
Q

explain function of flat bones

A

provide a large surface area for muscles to attach to. they also provide protection for vital organs

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10
Q

irregular bones

A

provide protection and support. shaped to suit specific role

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11
Q

what are the joint types

A

fixed/immovable
slightly movable/cartilaginous
freely movable/synovial

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12
Q

describe fixed/immovable joints

A

fibrous joint, no movement possible

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13
Q

describe freely movable/synovial joints

A

can produce a large ROM but are more susceptible to injury

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13
Q

describe slightly movable/cartilaginous joints

A

can move a small amount as they are linked together by ligaments and cartilage

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14
Q

explain function of part of synovial joint: synovial membrane

A

secretes synovial fluid to keep joint lubricated

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15
Q

explain function of part of synovial joint: synovial fluid

A

acts as a lubricant that reduces friction. allows for smoother movement and reduces wear and tear

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16
Q

explain function of part of synovial joint: joint capsule

A

seals joint, provides stability. surrounds and protects joint, holding bones together

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17
Q

explain function of part of synovial joint: ligament

A

connects bone to bone, stabilising joint

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18
Q

explain function of part of synovial joint: cartilage

A

acts as a shock absorber/cushion, reduces friction

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19
Q

explain function of part of synovial joint: tendon

A

connect muscle to bone, allows movement to occur. enables joint to withstand tension

20
Q

types of synovial joint

A

ball and socket, hinge

21
Q

describe hinge joints

A

only allow movement in 1 plane (flexion/extension). more stable, less injury prone

22
Q

describe ball and socket joints

A

one bone has bulge/ball that fits into a socket in the other bone. allow movement in 3 planes. less stable, more injury prone

23
Q

name the movement pairs

A

flexion, extension
abduction, adduction
dorsiflexion, plantarflexion
rotation
circumduction

24
Q

what are the main actions of the trapezius

A

holds and rotates shoulders. moves head backwards and sideways

25
Q

what are the main actions of the deltoids

A

raises arm forwards, backwards, sideways at the shoulder

26
Q

what are the main actions of the pectorals

A

moves arm at the shoulder through adduction

27
Q

what are the main actions of the biceps

A

causes flexion at the elbow

28
Q

what are the main actions of the triceps

A

causes extension at the elbow

29
Q

what are the main actions of the latissimus dorsi

A

pulls arm down at shoulder and draws it behind back

30
Q

what are the main actions of the abdominals

A

causes spine to flex to bend forward. create pull in abdomen

31
Q

what are the main actions of the hip flexors

A

flexion of the leg at hip

32
Q

what are the main actions of the gluteals

A

extension and abduction of leg at hip

33
Q

what are main actions of quadriceps

A

causes extension at the knee

34
Q

what are the main actions of the hamstrings

A

causes flexion at the knee

35
Q

what are the main actions of the gastrocnemius

A

plantarflexion

36
Q

what are the main actions of the tibialis anterior

A

dorsiflexion

37
Q

where is the origin and insertion of biceps

A

origin: scapula (shoulder)
insertion: radius (elbow)

38
Q

where is the origin and insertion of triceps

A

origin: scapula (shoulder)
insertion: ulna (elbow)

39
Q

where is the origin and insertion of hamstring

A

origin: femur (hip)
insertion: tibia (knee)

40
Q

where is the origin and insertion of quadriceps

A

origin: femur (hip)
insertion: tibia (knee)

41
Q

where is the origin and insertion of tibialis anterior

A

origin: tibia (knee)
insertion: tarsals (ankle)

42
Q

where is the origin and insertion of gastrocnemius

A

origin: femur (knee)
insertion: as the achilles tendon to the heel (ankle)

43
Q

agonist

A

the muscle that contracts to create movement

44
Q

antagonist

A

the muscle that relaxes during movemnt

45
Q

what type of activity are slow twitch muscle fibres suited for and why?

A

long distance and endurance activities. because they contract slowly over prolonged period of time. generate low level of force and have high resistance to fatigue

46
Q

what type of activity are fast twitch muscle fibres suited for and why?

A

sprint and power/strength activities, as they contract quickly over short periods of time. generate high level of force, fatigue quickly

47
Q

which muscle fibres are for anaerobic and aerobic respiration?

A

fast twitch, slow twitch

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