respiratory system

Question 1

what is the pathway of air into the body

Answer 1

1. mouth / nasal passage
2. trachea
3. bronchi
4. bronchioles
5. alveoli

Question 2

what is gaseous exchange

Answer 2

CO2 moves from blood in capillaries into alveoli to breathe out

O2 moves from alveoli into red blood cells in capillaries

all gases move from high to low concentration

Question 3

what are the characteristics of alveoli that enable gaseous exchange to occur

Answer 3

• surrounded by capillaries so excellent blood supply
• huge total surface area for maximum absorption
• very thin walls (one cell thick), making for a small diffusion pathway for easy diffusion
• moist walls dissolve gases

Question 4

what happens to the muscles during inhalation

Answer 4

intercostal muscles: contract, expand ribcage upward and outward

diaphragm: contract, moves downward and flattens

decreases lung pressure. pressure within lungs is less than pressure outside of body, so as chest cavity expands, fills with air

Question 5

what happens to the muscles during exhalation

Answer 5

intercostal muscles: relax, move ribcage downward and in

diaphragm: relaxes, domes upward

increases lung pressure. pressure in lungs is greater than pressure outside of body, so as chest cavity reduces in size, air is expelled

Question 6

what is tidal volume

Answer 6

the volume of air that you inhale or exhale with each breath during normal breathing

Question 7

what is residual volume

Answer 7

the volume of air left in the lungs after a maximal exhalation

Question 8

what is vital capacity

Answer 8

the greatest volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs after maximum inhalation

Question 9

what is minute ventilation

Answer 9

the volume of air that can be inhaled or exhaled in one minute

Question 10

what is the effect of exercise on tidal volume, vital capacity, residual volume, minute ventilation

Answer 10

tidal volume: increases
vital capacity: no change
residual volume: stays the same
minute ventilation: increases