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sports science > circulatory system > Flashcards

circulatory system Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the components of blood

A

plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets

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2
Q

what is the function of red blood cells

A
  • carry and remove CO2
  • haemoglobin reacts with oxygen from lungs to form oxyhaeomoglobin, transports oxygen to working muscles.

in sport: high red blood cell count means high aerobic capacity, very good for endurance. low rbc count means anemia, not enough iron, lack energy

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3
Q

what is the function of white blood cells

A
  • fight infection, kill germs, defend against pathogens
  • engulf/create antibodies

in sport: if athlete is ill, may be unable to train/compete. wbc fight infection

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4
Q

what is the function of plasma

A
  • transports everything around body (RBC, WBC, platelets, hormones, nutrients)

in sport: vital as move RBC around, so move oxygen to working muscles to provide energy

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5
Q

what is the function of platelets

A
  • enables blood to clot
  • prevent blood loss at a cut (travel to area, form scab, protect from infection)

in sport: vital if cut, quick recovery

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6
Q

what are the types of blood vessels

A

arteries, veins, capillaries

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7
Q

what is the function of arteries

A

carry blood away from the heart under high pressure (usually oxygenated)

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8
Q

what is the function of veins

A

carry blood toward the heart under low pressure (usually deoxygenated)

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9
Q

what is the function of capillaries

A

allows gaseous exchange to occur between the blood and mucles

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10
Q

what are basic structures of arteries

A
  • thick, muscular wall
  • small lumen (increases during exercise)
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11
Q

what are the basic structures of veins

A
  • thin wall
  • wide lumen
  • valves to stop backflow
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12
Q

what are the basic structures of capillaries

A
  • link between arteries and veins
  • very thin wall (one cell thick)
  • tiny
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13
Q
A
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14
Q

what is the vena cava

A

vein bringing deoxygenated blood back to heart

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15
Q

what is the aorta

A

artery moving oxygenated blood away from the heart. it has thicker walls to maintain high BP and moves blood further

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16
Q

what is the pulmonary artery

A

moves deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to lungs

17
Q

what is the pulmonary vein

A

moves oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium

18
Q

what is the function of valves

A

prevent the backflow of blood

19
Q

what is the septum

A

the wall that divides the two sides of the heart

20
Q

what is the right atrium

A

receives deoxygenated blood from the vena cava

21
Q

what is the left atrium

A

receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary vein

22
Q

what is the right ventricle

A

receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium and pumps it to the lungs

23
Q

what is the left ventricle

A

receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium and pumps it to the rest of the body

24
Q

what are the steps in the cardiac cycle

A
  1. deoxygenated blood flows into right atrium via vena cava
  2. deoxygenated blood ejected from right atrium
  3. into right ventricle. it relaxes to fill with blood then contracts,
  4. sending blood to the lungs via pulmonary artery under high pressure
  5. gaseous exchange occurs in the alveoli and blood is now oxygenated
  6. oxygenated blood carried via pulmonary vein (under lower pressure) back to heart, to left atrium
  7. left atrium relaxes and fills with blood
  8. oxygenated blood then moves to left ventricle. left ventricle then contracts,
  9. sending oxygenated blood to the rest of the body via aorta under high pressure
25
Q

what is cardiac output

A

the blood expelled from the heart per minute (Litres per minute)

26
Q

what is heart rate

A

the number of times your heart beats in one minute

27
Q

what is stroke volume

A

the volume of blood that leaves the heart via the left ventricle per beat/contraction

28
Q
A
29
Q

how to calculate minute ventilation

A

tidal volume (L) * breathing rate (per min)

30
Q

how to calculate cardiac output

A

heart rate (bpm) * stroke volume (L)

31
Q

how can you increase stroke volume

A

increase heart size
- hypertrophy
- increased ability to retain blood
- contraction strength increases, send more blood out

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