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ethics and other issues Flashcards

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1
Q

what do beta blockers do

A

prevent adrenaline to keep HR low, calming and relaxing effect, reduces anxiety

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2
Q

what are the effects of beta blockers

A

prevents adrenaline to keep HR low, calming and relaxing effect, reduces anxiety

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3
Q

what are the risks of beta blockers

A

low BP, heart failure, depression

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4
Q

what are the sports associated with beta blockers

A

archery, diving, shooting, snooker

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5
Q

what are the effects of anabolic steroids

A

increase muscle mass fast, increase power and strength, let athlete train harder for longer, speed recovery time

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6
Q

what are the risks of anabolic steroids

A

aggressive behaviour, heart disease, high BP, liver problems, effect on hormones

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7
Q

what are the sports associated with anabolic steroids

A

athletics, baseball, cycling, football, rugby

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8
Q

what are the effects of stimulants

A

affect central nervous system, reduce pain, increase alertness

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9
Q

what are the risks of stimulants

A

addictive, high BP, strokes, increased risk of injury as pain is suppressed

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10
Q

what are the sports associated with stimulants

A

american football, athletics, swimming

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11
Q

what are the effects of diuretics

A

increases water passed out of body, way of reducing weight quickly, masks use of other PEDs

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12
Q

what are the risks of diuretics

A

dehydration, weakening of muscles, kidney problems, nausea

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13
Q

what are the sports associated with diuretics

A

boxing, gymnastics, jockey, horse racing

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14
Q

why do athletes use PEDs

A

influence of coaches, to achieve success, new contracts and sponsorships, recover quickly/mask pain, even playing field with other athletes using PEDs

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15
Q

what are the consequences of being caught using PEDs

A

ban/suspension, negatively affect credibility of sport, loss of reputation

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16
Q

what are the types of testing for PEDs

A

urine tests, blood tests

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17
Q

what is the agency that monitors all sporting activities across the world

A

World anti-doping agency (WADA)

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18
Q

what does NADO stand for

A

national anti-doping organisation

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19
Q

what is blood doping

A

the misuse of techniques and/or substances to increase a performers RBC count

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20
Q

what are the methods of blood doping

A

erythropoietin (EPO), blood transfusion

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21
Q

how does EPO work

A

stimulate production of RBC

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22
Q

can EPO be detected by blood testing

A

yes

23
Q

how are blood transfusions carried out

A
  1. blood taken 3-4 weeks before comp
  2. blood frozen to maintain high haemoglobin
  3. body naturally replenishes blood
  4. 1-2 days before comp, blood reintroduced
24
Q

what are the performance benefits of blood doping

A

increased RBC and haemoglobin levels mean more o2 transported to muscles. higher aerobic capacity, more energy produced, quicker recovery as more o2 to break down lactic

25
Q

what are the side effects of blood doping

A

thicker, more viscous blood means increased risk of heart failure, stroke, pulmonary embolism

26
Q

what is absolute risk

A

highest level of risk there could be before health & safety controls identified & put in place

27
Q

what is real risk

A

level of risk after taking into account safety controls and measures

28
Q

what is perceived risk

A

the individual’s view of risk

29
Q

what are the causes of risk

A

limited skill/fitness level, weather, behaviour of yourself and others, inadequate facilities/equipment/preparation

30
Q

how to calculate risk

A

risk /25 = severity /5 * likelihood /5

31
Q

how to prevent risk

A
  • protective clothing/equipment
  • appropriate clothing/footwear
  • lifting and carrying equipment safely
  • use of warm up and cool down
  • maintaining hydration
  • following rules
  • suitable level of competition
32
Q

what are examples of minor injuries

A

cuts, grazes, winding, bruises, blisters

33
Q

what is the cause of blisters

A

repeated rubbing of skin, burning

34
Q

how to treat blisters

A

unbroken: do not pierce bubble, cover with plaster/gauze pad/dressing

broken: do not peel of dead skin, allow fluid to drain and wash with mild soap & water. cover area with sterile dressing

35
Q

what is the cause of bruises

A

impact with a hard object

36
Q

how to treat bruises

A

cold compressions to help reduce swelling and internal bleeding

37
Q

what is the cause of winding

A

a blow to the abdomen by a ball or hitting action, making the diaphragm go into spasm

38
Q

how to treat winding

A

loosen clothing, sit in crouched position, as this helps muscles relax. stay calm and take slow, deep breaths

39
Q

what is cause of grazes

A

scraping/rubbing against rough surface

40
Q

what is cause of cuts

A

contact with sharp object

41
Q

how to treat cuts and grazes

A

stop bleeding by applying pressure to area using soft, absorbent material. when bleeding stopped, clean wound & cover with a dressing

42
Q

what are more serious injuries

A

muscular injury, tendon injury, ligament injury

43
Q

what is cause of muscle injury

A

strain: muscle overstretched or torn
muscle overused

44
Q

what is treatment for muscular injury

A

RICE, limit training

45
Q

what is cause of tendon injury

A

strain: tendon overstretched or torn

tendonitis: inflamed tendons, occurs through repetitive action

46
Q

what is treatment for tendon injury

A

RICE, reduce training, rest and painkillers if needed

47
Q

what is cause of ligament injury

A

sprain: ligament twisted/pulled past their ROM

48
Q

how to treat ligament injury

A

RICE in first instance. severe pain/lack of movement could indicate more serious injury, could require operation

49
Q

what is the RICE method

A

rest, ice, compress, elevate

50
Q

explain rest in RICE

A

stop activity, rest and protect sore are

51
Q

explain ice in RICE

A

apply ice pack straight away to reduce pain and swelling. 15-20mins every 2-3h. wrap ice in towel to avoid directly touching skin

52
Q

explain compress in RICE

A

wrap area in elastic bandage, will help reduce swelling

53
Q

explain elevation in RICE

A

keep injury raised above level of heart, will reduce swelling

sports science (11 decks)

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