Skeletal Anatomy

Question 1

The function of the skeleton

Answer 1

provides the framework that supports our body and allows us to move.
also protects vital organs, stores minerals, forms red blood cells, and stores energy

Question 2

Describe the axial skeleton.

Answer 2

provides support and protects vital organs
80 bones - including the skull, ribs, spine and sternum

Question 3

Describe the appendicular skeleton.

Answer 3

126 bones in the shoulder, pelvis, and limbs

Question 4

What are fibrous joints?

Answer 4

connect bones with fibrous connective tissue
allow minimal movement
ex. skull and pelvis

Question 5

What are pivot joints?

Answer 5

a type of synovial joint
made up of one bone that can swivel in a ring made by a second bone
ex. forearm, 1st and 2nd vertebrae of neck

Question 6

What are ball and socket joints?

Answer 6

type of synovial joint
the rounded head of one bone fits into the concave articulation of another
the greatest range of motion
hips and shoulders are only ball and socket joints

Question 7

What are cartilaginous joints?

Answer 7

separated by cartilage
allows little to no movement
ex ribs, sternum, and between vertebrae

Question 8

What are hinge joints?

Answer 8

type of synovial joint
the convex end of one bone articulates with the concave of another
bending and straightening
ex. elbow, knee, and ankle

Question 9

What are condyloid joints?

Answer 9

type of synovial joint
shallow depression in one bone articulates with rounded structure from one or more adjacent bones
allows bending and straightening and side to side movement
ex. knuckle and wrist

Question 10

What are saddle joints?

Answer 10

a type of synovial joint
articulating surfaces of both bones have a saddle shape - one convex, one concave
2 planes of movement
ex. base of thumb

Question 11

What are gliding joints?

Answer 11

a type of synovial joint
articulating surfaces of both bones are flat or slightly curved and about the same size
limited movement but can be multiaxial
ex. intercarpal and intertarsal joints - clavicle and scapula

Question 12

What are synovial joints?

Answer 12

freely moveable and have cartilage on surfaces where bones join to reduce friction and absorb shock

Question 13

What is flexion?

Answer 13

The bending of a joint/shortening of a muscle

Question 14

What is extension?

Answer 14

Straightening of a joint / lengthening a muscle

Question 15

Hyperflexion or Hyperextension is what?

Answer 15

beyond the normal range of motion

Question 16

Abduction is what movement?

Answer 16

movement away from the midline of the body

Question 17

Adduction is what movement?

Answer 17

movement towards the midline of the body

Question 18

What is circumduction and what joints are capable of it?

Answer 18

circular movement - in all 3 planes
the shoulder and the hip

Question 19

What movement is elevation?

Answer 19

raising shoulders

Question 20

What movement is depression?

Answer 20

lowering shoulders below anatomical position

Question 21

What is medial rotation?

Answer 21

towards the midline of the body

Question 22

What is lateral rotation?

Answer 22

away from the midline of the body

Question 23

what is supination?

Answer 23

movement away from the midline of the body
ex. palms up

Question 24

what is pronation?

Answer 24

movement towards the midline of the body
ex. palms down

Question 25

what is inversion?

Answer 25

turning the inner side of the foot away from the ground toward the midline of the body

Question 26

what is eversion?

Answer 26

turning the outer side of the foot away from the ground away from the midline of the body

Question 27

What is dorsiflexion?

Answer 27

flexing foot up - toes point to head

Question 28

what is plantarflexion?

Answer 28

flexing foot down - toes point to ground

Question 29

What are the 4 classifications of bones?

Answer 29

long, short, flat, irregular

Question 30

What is the purpose of long bones?

Answer 30

serve as levers of movement ex. femur and humerus

Question 31

What is the purpose of short bones?

Answer 31

give strength to joints ex tarsals and carpals (ankle and wrist)

Question 32

What is the purpose of flat bones?

Answer 32

provide a broad surface for muscle attachment and protect vital organs ex. ribs and scapulae

Question 33

What is the purpose of irregular bones?

Answer 33

protect organs and support the body ex. ischium, pubis and vertebrae

Question 34

Describe the frontal plane.

Answer 34

divides anterior (front) and posterior (back) - dominant plane for abduction and adduction

Question 35

Describe the sagittal plane.

Answer 35

divides the left and right sides of the body - flexion and extension

Question 36

Describe the transverse plane.

Answer 36

AKA horizontal plane divides superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts of the body - involves twisting or rotation

Question 37

Shoulder girdle (scapula, clavicle) movements.

Answer 37

elevation - depression abduction - adduction upward rotation - downward rotation

Question 38

Shoulder joint movements

Answer 38

flexion - extension abduction - adduction medial rotation - lateral rotation horizontal abduction - horizontal adduction circumduction

Question 39

Elbow joint movements

Answer 39

flexion - extension

Question 40

Radioulnar joint movements

Answer 40

pronation - supination

Question 41

Wrist joint movements

Answer 41

flexion - extension

Question 42

Vertebral column / Spine movements

Answer 42

flexion - extension lateral flexion rotation

Question 43

lumbosacral joint movements

Answer 43

flexion - extension (anterior pelvic tilt - posterior pelvic tilt)

Question 44

Hip Joint movements

Answer 44

flexion - extension abduction - adduction medial - lateral rotation circumduction

Question 45

Knee Joint movements

Answer 45

flexion - extension rotation (only at 90* flexion)

Question 46

Ankle joint movements

Answer 46

plantar flexion - dorsiflexion eversion - inversion

Question 47

The human body contains how many bones and in mostly what skeleton?

Answer 47

206 bones - most in appendicular

Question 48

The 3 categories of joints are?

Answer 48

fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

Question 49

Another name for the skull

Answer 49

Cranium

Question 50

2 Bones around the shoulder

Answer 50

clavicle and scapula

Question 51

What is the bone in the upper arm?

Answer 51

humerus

Question 52

What are the 2 bones in the forearm called?

Answer 52

Radius and Ulna

Question 53

Major bones of the core.

Answer 53

sternum, ribs, and vertebral column.

Question 54

Upper leg bone

Answer 54

Femur

Question 55

Lower leg bones

Answer 55

tibia, fibula

Question 56

foot bones

Answer 56

metatarsals