Passive Screening and Assessments

Question 1

What is a passive assessment?

Answer 1

the client is passive
resting heart rate (72 bpm)
blood pressure (120/80)
5-point postural analysis

Question 2

What is a dynamic assessment?

Answer 2

the client is active

Question 3

What are the 5 points of the 5-point postural analysis?

Answer 3

ankle/feet
knees
hip/pelvis
shoulders/scapula
head/neck

Question 4

What are the primary assessments?

Answer 4

Squat
wall slide
torsion plank (if the client can do a 20-second plank)

Question 5

What are goal-specific assessments?

Answer 5

follow up to the primary assessments
split squat
straight leg raise
shoulder ROM
knee to wall

Question 6

What to look for at feet/ankles?

Answer 6

pronated - no arch/flat foot
supinated - excessive arch, pressure on the lateral edge of the foot
neutral - in between - kneecap straight

excessive pronation may require mobility work for the ankle and strengthening exercises for the feet

Question 7

What to look for at the knees?

Answer 7

hyperextension - knees bend backward giving the appearance of a curve posteriorly
valgus (knock knees) - knees move inward toward the midline of the body
varus (bowlegged) knees move outward away from the midline

hyperextension could mean laxity in knee ligaments or a perception of tightness in the quads.
valgus or varus are commonly structural in nature

Question 8

What to look for at the hips?

Answer 8

is one hip elevated?
can affect the lower back -tight quadratus lumborum, and impingement of the sciatic nerve

ASIS - anterior superior iliac spine
PSIS - posterior superior iliac spine

If ASIS is lower - anterior pelvic tilt (arched back)
caused by tight hip flexors or tight erector spinae muscles

If PSIS is lower (hips forward/flat back) posterior pelvic tilt
imbalance between rectus abdominis (tight) and low back muscles (weak)
hamstrings or glutes may be tight

Question 9

What to look for at the shoulders?

Answer 9

look for approximately 7.5 cm between the medial border of the scapula and the spine

greater than = protracted scapula
weak rhomboids and mid trapezius

less than = retracted scapula
tight rhomboids and mid trapezius

excessively depressed or elevated scapula

depressed = weak trapezius and tight latissimus dorsi, teres major and pectorals

elevated = tight levator scapulae and upper trapezius

angle of clavicle

elevated = tight upper trapezius

depressed = tight pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi

Question 10

What to look for at the head and neck

Answer 10

forward head posture = tight pectorals (pectoralis minor), upper trapezius, levator scapulae, and suboccipitals

Question 11

Max resting heart rate

Answer 11

100 bpm

Question 12

Max blood pressure.

Answer 12

systolic = 140
diastolic = 100

Question 13

4 factors that pre-exercise screening accomplishes

Answer 13

fulfill legal responsibilities
identify the possible need to refer clients to a health professional
understand clients better and establish good communication
identify potential areas of strength and weakness