situational Flashcards

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1
Q

situational factors

A

how external influences affect our behaviour

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2
Q

normative conformity

A

where people yield to group pressure because they want to fit in and are concerned about being rejected by others in the group

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3
Q

group norm

A

specific ideas or assumptions held by a particular group about what is considered acceptable behaviour within that group

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4
Q

asch experiment

A

participants were put in a group and shown a series of three lines on a card. One line was on another card and participants were asked to say which of the three lines it matched.

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5
Q

what happened in asch

A

the confederates were verbally influencing the participants to conform to their group norm of giving the wrong answer.

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6
Q

variation of asch

A

Asch did some later variations of his line experiment and found that only three confederates were needed to make participants comply. In fact, increasing the number of confederates who gave the wrong answer did not increase the amount of conformity. However, having one confederate who did not agree with the group was enough to hugely reduce the rates of conformity - even if the dissenter gave another wrong answer, just as long as it was different to the majority.

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7
Q

informational conformity

A

people yield to group pressure because they are unsure of the answer themselves or if the situation they are in is unclear

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8
Q

milgram experiment

A

Stanley Milgram - investigated the effects of situational factors on obedience → controlled observation ‘The Electric Shock’ study

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9
Q

results of milgram

A

65% of participants were willing to obey to researchers and go to 450 volts on the shock generator

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10
Q

reasons for obedience

A

the presences of a legitimate authority figure
location of the research (well respected uni)
fact that the learner was in a different room
researcher had said he would take responsibility

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11
Q

agency theory

A

people obey orders that they know to be ethically wrong because they have moved from being in an autonomous state where they have power over their own actions to an agentic state where they are acting as ‘agents’ of the authority figure

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12
Q

Hofling (1966)

A

field study
pose as a doctor in a hospital and give instructions to a nurse over the phone
studies show that what we say we will do and what we will actually do can be two very different things

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13
Q

criticisms of situational (1)

A

themes focusing on situational factors suggest our behaviours are simply determined by what is happening around us and that we do not resist this

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14
Q

criticisms of situational (2)

A

deindividuation does not always lead to violence

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15
Q

criticisms of situational (3)

A

not everyone conforms in the same way

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16
Q

criticisms of situational (4)

A

If research only focuses on one area, then it may not give a valid representation of people’s behaviour

17
Q

criticisms of situational (5)

A

theories are reductionist in that they fail to take into account individual differences

18
Q

criticisms of situational (6)

A

Milgram’s results on obedience can be viewed as deterministic

19
Q

criticisms of situational (7)

A

many people have a problem with Milgram’s theory because it would suggest the people who commit atrocious acts are not responsible for their actions and therefore should not be held accountable for them

20
Q

criticisms of situational (8)

A

too much of the research into cultural differences in prosocial behaviour is conducted on children

21
Q

criticisms of situational (9)

A

the situational theories do not explain why some people do not obey